Counter-Reformation

Arguably the most influential character of the reformation, Martin Luther was born in what was then the Holy Roman Empire. He was a priest, monk and a professor. Many people credit Luther with officially starting the reformation by writing his 95 Theses. Luther argued passionately about many issues but the one that really started his disagreements with his church and a main point of his…

The effects of reformation in the sixteenth century created ever lasting change in culture, politics, and religion. Various reform movements may have clashed, contradicted, or may have been completely parallel with each other either way all had one goal in mind. Whether it was fundamental differences with sacraments, papal authority, or corruption the goal was to place the fate of the individual in the individual’s hands. With the Church setting such an atrocious agenda the call for reform was…

The Puritans were a very religious driven group of people. The Puritans had very strict rules that they were forced to follow. For that reason research seems to show that the Puritans were very puritanical. Predestination which is the belief in Jesus and taking act in the sacraments would not affect one’s salvation, it is a privilege from God only. God chooses who will be saved and those who receive the grace of god. The Puritans weren’t always a part of their own religion. They used to be a…

was getting out of hand, and that true devotion to faith was all that one required to get to heaven and to be faithful. When news of Luther’s theses spread around to the common people, a wide scale uprising took place and launched the Protestant Reformation. Because of Martin Luther’s ideas, Pope Leo X excommunicated him in 1521. Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to Worms to defend himself in the Diet of Worms. Luther was told that he could either recant what he had said, or he could refuse and…

In Max Weber’s arguably most influential work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber argues that a specific religious ethic shaped how Capitalism spread across the globe and transitioned into the modern age. Influenced by the idea of the ‘calling’ or one’s worldly task determined by God (39), this ethic actually incentivized people to work more in their mundane, secular occupations in order to accumulate physical wealth as an indication of God’s favor. Overall, this essay…

Reformation can be defined as a process that begun in early 16th century to revolutionaize and change the traditional systems of the roman catholic church. These changes were initiated by a group of leaders who saw a need to make amendments within the church in accordance to the gospel in the bible. Other reforms had been advocated before these times but were never successful as the church had a strong command over its following and the political class. However, the 16th century enabled the…

reform from within the Church itself. Together, these external and internal forces for change led to the schism within Western Christianity… known as the Protestant Reformation” (190). Oxtoby begins his discussion of the Protestant Reformation with a broad overview of the Churches influence within Europe at the time of the Reformation, as well as the cultural advances that were taking place throughout the continent. After setting up the stage for the religious and cultural practices that had…

(4106454) American Public University System December 14, 2016 HIST121: Western Civilization before The Thirty Years War Professor Busek The Protestant Reformation dates back to the 16th century. This revolution touched political, religious and cultural aspects of life all over Europe. Martin Luther became the Father the Protestant Reformation, an event that strongly affected the influence of the Catholic Church across the continent, changing forever the unquestioned dominance of the…

“Kingdom of God”, “the day of the LORD”, “the end of the world”, “the last judgment” and “a new heaven and a new earth.” These words are the image of eschatology, and eschatology is an important subject in the Bible. Even Donald K. McKim says that the theme of the Bible is the kingdom of God (McKim, 167). In the Gospel, Jesus taught about the kingdom of God in his whole life and ministry, and the kingdom of God is represented as “already, but not yet” (McKim, 170). John Calvin, a 16th century…

was expected, and many nobles had rallied to the defence of Mary. This rebellion shows the issue of succession as a reason, as many did not want Lady Jane Grey as ruler, and welcomed Mary as Queen. However, it could also show that the Protestant reformation was not as completed as assumed, as subjects and common people welcomed a Catholic ruler. An interpretation of this could be that the religious discontent in England had led to the issues of succession to arise, which would mean succession…