Counter-Reformation

Martin Luther is a reformer and also a priest and professor of theology who challenged the Roman Catholic Church and launched the Reformation. Martin Luther along with his followers disagreed with the practice found within the Roman Catholic Church; therefore, sparked a revolution in Catholic Europe. Martin Luther and his followers set out to distinguish the religious beliefs and practice between the Protestant denominations and the Roman Catholicism. As a result the Roman Catholicism…

and critiques against what is arguably the most powerful institution of the time. These accusations and critiques caused an uproar from the Roman Catholic Church’s heirarchy and an uprising from peasants, all of which is now referred to as “The Reformation”.…

Then, there is the sola scriptura non-application to this problem. This would consist of one going to the Bible as all sufficient. In this case, there is no way to determine when a woman is exercising “authority over a man.” The second issue is defining when and where “in the churches” occurs. The words used in this text can be defined and redefined, but the end result is that the Word is not sufficient to answer these questions that are in addition to the scripture. There is a different…

Puritanism, superficially thought to be a belief in which the Church of England should be removed from Catholicism and its hierarchy, demands more of the individual than the church. It demanded the faith, strength, and determination to please God. The Puritan Dilemma, by Edmund S. Morgan, is the biography of John Winthrop, a Puritan who departs from England so as to create a haven and an example of a community where the laws of God were followed diligently. Within the Puritan Dilemma, Morgan…

Envisioned by Joseph Magnin, the first St. Patrick’s Cathedral, originally named St. Peter and often referred to as the Old Cathedral, built in 1815, burned down in 1868. When its reconstruction finished, it was downgraded to a parish church on a site destined and purchased by the church as a burial ground. In 1853, the city commissioned James Renwick Jr. to device a cathedral to accommodate the growing population of immigrants of Catholic religion entering the United States. Renwick’s design…

Ian Pavlov’s Theories in Behaviorism Ian Petrovitch Pavlov was born September 14, 1849 in Ryazan, Russia. Pavlov was brought up to be an educated individual, attending a local church school, then a theological seminary. Pavlov is said to be inspired by D.I. Pisarev; who at the time was the most eminent Russian literary critic, and I.M. Sechenov; “father” of physiology in Russia. Pavlov originally following in his father’s; Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, footsteps to become a priest, although he…

The 15th century to the 17th century was truly an age of advancement. Throughout this time period numerous explorations, inventions, discoveries, and conquests were made, resulting in the modern moniker, The Age of Exploration. Throughout these centuries numerous advances were made that impacted Europe and the whole world. With so many advances many debates have arisen centuries after this great time period. One of the common debates is to whether we should consider Europeans throughout the 15th…

The book entitled The Intellectual Life was written by a Dominican friar named A.G. Sertillanges, OP. Born as Antonin Dalmace but eventually changed it to Antonin Gilbert when he entered the Order of Preachers. Sertillanges taught moral philosophy in Paris and was deeply embedded in the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas. He was known for his works concerning on how does one achieves intellectuality through spirituality and solitude. One of his books regarding acquiring a mind of wisdom was The…

During the Renaissance period, England went through many transformations that affected the country in different ways. The previous era called the Middle Ages was still present in the lives of people, but its values were gradually changing into those of the Renaissance. This term comes from the French word renaissance which means rebirth. The human being as a species was reborn and had the opportunity to fully develop its potential, creativity, and curiosity by being more aware of itself and of…

The poem, "Holy Sonnet XIV" was written by John Donne and published in the year of 1633, two years after his death. Donne was born and raised as a Catholic, later becoming an Anglican cleric. The Christian faith is clearly reflected in his writings, and his "Holy Sonnet XIV", is a sinner's prayer to God. Through the utilization of diction use and literary devices such as allusion and imagery, Donne draws the audience into intimately experiencing the speaker's desperation, despair, and devotion…