Counter-Reformation

Christian writings have been used to demonize the Jewish population of Europe throughout history. This was no different during the Nazi regime in Germany and this is discussed in detail in Demonizing the Jews Luther and the Protestant Church in Nazi Germany by Christopher J. Probst a visiting assistant professor of modern European history at Saint Louis University. The author has written an analysis that provides insight into the how German Protestants used the anti-Jewish writings of Protestant…

Following the inceptive imperial coronation of Charlemagne 400 years after the widespread adoption of Christianity (c. 800 AD), the new theocratic government of the Holy Roman Empire was faced with a monumental challenge: reconciling their subject’s god given freewill with law. As the defining institution of the Holy Roman Empire, the religious schemas taught by Church’s became inextricably wound with politics. One by one, laws were enforced with divine benediction, repurposing the already…

From the 14th to the 18th century, the world experienced significant changes. Each century was defined by it’s own intellectual developments, varying from music and art, to politics and economics. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, certain ideas and beliefs were sources of different conflicts and resolutions that impacted western culture forever. The 13th and 14th centuries, known as the Late Middle Ages, were a time of struggle. Politically, this time period was a mess. The hundred…

The Fourth Lateran Council, as called by Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), was conducted on April 19, 1215. This council is sometimes referred to as the “Great Council” as over nine-hundred abbots and over four-hundred bishops attended the event at the Lateran palace in Rome. Some of these clergy men were “coming from as far afield as the Latin empire of Constantinople and crusader-held territories in the Levant (MP p. 139)” due to the importance of the event. The council, or synod as it sometimes…

Before the ecclesiastical reformation, formally known as the Protestant Reformation, before the time of Martin Luther, individuals began to spark the fire of the Protestant Reformation. Namely, John Wycliffe and John Huss, also known as Jan Hus, were predominant pre-reformers of the Protestant Reformation. Through their lifestyle, writings, ideas, John Wycliffe and John Huss triggered the Protestant Reformation. These contributions of Wycliffe and Huss were controversial in their time. The…

Throughout The Cost of Discipleship you are able to see the main messages Bonhoeffer is trying to make with each chapter. The main themes I am going to be writing about in this paper start with the type of grace you are trying to receive from God whether it is cheap or costly. The next theme would be the type of obedience Bonhoeffer talks about it being single-minded and the obedience they give. In this book Bonhoeffer talks a lot about discipleship and how it is shown from both the individual…

The conflict between Catholics and Protestants in France assumed many forms. It was a physical conflict, but also an ideological one where both parties used propaganda to fight each other. Pamphlets and images where used by both the Catholics and the Protestant to discredit the adversary and rally people to their cause. The Great Marmite Overturned, Le Renversement de la grand marmite in French (Fig. 1), is one of those images. It is a woodcut, which was first produced in 1562 by an unknown…

he had a conversion experience and he was convicted that people are saved by “faith alone’ and not by any good work or pious work, (Wolf, 154). Luther trusted in the scripture and that gave him courage and that alone, helped him walk the road of reformation. Luther wrote the Address to the German Nobility, and that challenged the authority of the Roman pope and the status of the clergy in general, (Wolf, 154). He also wrote The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, which stated that good works…

Jose Rizal A national hero in the Philippines is a man named Jose Rizal that would reveal the corruption of the Spaniards and the Roman Catholic Church towards the Filipinos due to his writings that would change the history of the Philippines. The Spaniards were very powerful during the 1500s. They began to take over cities/countries. The wanted to take over the Philippine island because of three main reasons and those are: they wanted to spread the Roman Catholic religion, during that time the…

It all started when Henry VIII first heard of Martin Luther’s, a German monk’s Protestant ideas, he wrote a book defending the Catholic Faith. Protestantism is another ‘religion’ to define those against the Catholic Faith. However, later on, King Henry did a massive turnover; going against everything he said he’d do. He replaced the Pope as head of the Church in all throughout England. The Break of Rome happened in the 16th century, when King Henry decided he was going to make a new Christian…