Concepts in metaphysics

anti-realism have been on ongoing debate amongst philosophers. Both perspectives have been revisited time after time, citing different reasons for the existence of each belief. These two topics belong to the area of philosophy, more specifically, metaphysics. Metaphysics explores the nature of existence, exploring why things exist and how they came to exist in the first place. Philosophers argue that it is the foundation behind philosophy, answering questions about the existence of the world,…

Both Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas articulately explain the nature of the Divine Intellect in their respective works The Salvation, “Metaphysics” and Summa Contra Gentiles: Book One: God. They offer arguments that contrast one another concerning the divine intellect, and in particular, God’s ability to intellect singulars. Despite the convincing nature of Avicenna’s proofs, Aquinas effectively proves God’s knowledge of singulars by a sound argument that supports God’s knowledge of singulars, a…

Is the concept of time a metaphysical construct or is it real? In Metaphysics the thought provoking and irritating questions of life are always raised. What is the meaning of life? What is being? What is the purpose of human existence? And the preponderance of Metaphysics is the question; does God exist? Even though these questions are just as important they all coincide with the existence of time. Time connects to the thought provoking questions of life. If you believe in God time can be…

Thomas Aquinas’s arguments consist mainly about reasons on God and how it can be proved that God exists. He incorporates the ideas of metaphysics and ethics to demonstrate the existence of a higher power. I agree to his argument that the existence of God is self-evident amongst is also demonstrable which is agreeable. The concept of self-evident is defined as no reason or proof is required to prove an objective. In Aquinas’s terms, self-evident can be associated with the belief that the…

Starting out, George Berkeley begins with having a clear understanding and characterization of common sense. He says that there are two principles by which we characterize “commonsense realism”. George Berkeley says the two principles are, “1. Things exist independently of our perceiving that they do. 2. Things have the qualities they seem to have: The rose we see is really red, the sugar on our tongue is really sweet, and the fire we approach is really hot” (Melchert 382). Previously, Galileo,…

Prime reality Prime reality refers to what human beings think of the existence of supernatural beings and how they describe them. This question is fundamental in describing the different worldviews that exist among people. According to pluralism, there exist multiple realities. Pluralism accommodates the idea of the existence of various gods who have different roles. On the other hand, scientism restricts the humans to believe in natural occurrences. Some scientists may attribute the…

antinomies, none were more well-recognized or well known than the third antinomy, which concerns the nature of freedom and determinism. This antinomy went on to pave the way for the rest of German Idealism, along with signaling a general shift in metaphysics that Kant himself would be engaged with for the rest of his life. As an indication of its impact, despite the Critique being published over 300 years ago, the nature of the their antinomy is still being discussed today. Most notably, there…

would be absurd if it was even true and could not be refuted in any argument. To begin with Descartes’ evil genius, there will be two vital topics of discussion, doubt, and certainty. Doubt is a key concept when it comes to Skepticism and even more so when it comes to Descartes’ Evil Genius. The concept is simple, there is an evil genius who takes everything in your life and replaces it with something that is not real. As a result, your surroundings are no longer real. This is where Descartes…

In this essay I will describe Aristotle’s and Plato’s metaphysics and ethics, and show that Aristotle’s theory is superior. I will argue that Aristotle’s theory is more relatable to the layman. As such, if taught to the masses, will be better understood, and therefore more widely accepted and put into practice. I will also show that while it is a less challenging concept to grasp, it is not inferior for that reason. If the ultimate goal is to better the world, we have to start with what we have.…

tree; trunk was physics and roots were metaphysics. Descartes used three types of axioms to support his thoughts and beliefs. He claimed his axioms to be undoubtable. One of his axioms that was ethical was “I exist”, there was also the physical axiom coming from natural philosophy “I am thinking ‘things’”, and lastly the metaphysics axiom of “God exists.” Descartes said that people that don’t understand or belief in God, do not fully understand the concept of God. Along with his axioms,…