Chloramine

It is vital to reduce contaminates and decrease the risk of microbes in drinking water. This process is accomplished through water disinfection. This procedure can be done though several methods; however, chlorine and chloramine are the most frequently used forms of chemical disinfection (Serrano, Silva, & Gallego, 2011). When this process is utilized, there is an increased risk in the release of unwanted by-products can cause severe health risk. The use of chemical disinfection methods, results in the creation of disinfection by-products through the interaction of the disinfectants with natural organic matter (NOM) (Bougeard, Goslan, Jefferson, Bruce, and Parsons, 2010). Due to the minute amounts of the disinfectant by-products, a reliable…

I am against the use of chloramines in Stockton’s water. Did you know that it can cause rashes after showering in a small percentage of people? (http://www.foodreference.com/html/a413-chlorinewater.html, Article 3, Paragraph 4) What if that small percentage is you, everyone else is just fine and you are suffering from this rash. It’s also possible for lead from pipes to dissolve into the water, which can cause even more problems. (http://www.foodreference.com/html/a413-chlorinewater.html,…

For example, in the argument essay I thought about what would make people want to make the government regulate chloramines in pools and pool areas. Obviously I knew that if something causes harm people would want it to be under control and to have limited to no exposure to it. I needed evidence and knew that any evidence I bring to the table should first and foremost be from a trusted source, such as a reputable news station, or a government agency. In this case I used both. I took evidence from…

elimination of bacterial pathogens in SWS treated water in developing countries. These studies, conducted in rural and urban areas with a diverse sample, exhibited a 22-84% reduction in diarrhoeal disease incidences in users (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Moreover, ammonia can be added after chlorination, where it oxidises to produce chloramines, chlorine residual that provides prolonged disinfection; refer to Figure 8. Figure 8: Production of monochloramine (NH2Cl),…

can be used to advantage. Ethylene glycol is added to water in car radiators to increase the boiling point in hot conditions and to act as antifreeze in cold conditions. The boiling point of water will increase 0.512°C for each 76 g of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) added to 1000 g of water and the freezing point will decrease 1.86°C for each 76 g of ethylene glycol added to 1000 g of water. This is also why salt is sprayed on roads in cold areas—reducing the chance of ice forming by lowering the…

Also, MUD uses chloromide, which is a mixture of chlorine and ammonia, to disinfect. Unlike chlorine, chloramine has a longer half life in the distribution system and still maintains as an effective protection against pathogens. It is considered safer than treating with chlorine alone. MUD states that "chloraminated water is safe for warm-blooded animals to drink, including humans, kidney dialysis patients, pregnant women, infants, dogs, cats and birds, because their digestive systems neutralize…

penetrates the surface. When the acid enters the germ it pierces the barrier of the germ slime coating and destroys the micro-organisms containing the diseases. Sometimes instead of using elemental chlorine other products containing chlorine such as sodium hypochlorite (bleaches) or chloramines are used. Sodium Hypochlorite is bleach that can be produced in two ways: o When chlorine gas is dissolved in sodium hydroxide, which produces sodium hypochlorite water and salt. Cl2 + 2NaOH + → NaOCl…

treated a certain amount of testing should be done to ensure that the treatment equipment will handle the problem and that it is sized correctly. Those treating city water, have the advantage that this water is tested to meet safety requirements and in some cases it may also be treated. Since public water supplies are required to report water quality to their customer based, a water treatment company can have easy access to that testing data. This water quality data is representative of the…

and then the products that are formed are chlorine gas, hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide. The reaction at the anode is the oxidation of the chloride, with the spectator ions being sodium. 2Cl^-→〖Cl〗_2+〖2e〗^- Then the sodium chloride solution that didn’t oxidise flows through the diaphragm into the cathode side where water has dissociated. H_2 O↔H^++〖HO〗^-. The H+ then goes and reduces at the cathode to form hydrogen gas2H^++2e^-→H_2. Then at the end sodium hydroxide solution exits the cell…

The Chemical Reaction Between Ammonia And Bleach According to the BBC News (2011) Fritz Haber, a German Jewish scientist, who studied the thermodynamics of gas reactions, discovered the potential for fixation as a result of synthesizing chlorine and ammonia into a poisonous gas, which was later used to annihilate millions of Jews during the holocaust. The Material Safety Data Sheet (2014) for dawn dishwashing liquid suggests it contains ‘amines’ which is a derivative of ammonia and explains why…