Sodium hypochlorite

which is a mix of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion. Chlorine gas is compressed into its liquid form. When added to water it hydrolyszes to form hypochlorous acid. Cl2 (g) + H2O(l) ⇋
HOCl(aq) +H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) The hypochlorous acid is weak and partially ionizes in water to form hydronium and hypochlorite ions. HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ⇋
 +H3O+(aq) + OCl-(aq) The hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions are reffered to as “free chlorine” The hypochlorous acid has no electrical charge, while the hypochlorite ion has a negative charge. This makes the hypochlorous acid the stronger disinfectant. This is a major advantage as many germ surfaces carry a neutral negative charge surface. This causes the hypochlorite ions to repel from the germ surfaces , while the hypochlorous acid penetrates the surface. When the acid enters the germ it pierces the barrier of the germ slime coating and destroys the micro-organisms containing the diseases. Sometimes instead of using elemental chlorine other products containing chlorine such as sodium hypochlorite (bleaches) or chloramines are used. Sodium Hypochlorite is bleach that can be produced in two ways: o When chlorine gas is dissolved in sodium hydroxide, which produces sodium hypochlorite water and salt. Cl2 + 2NaOH + → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O o By dissolving salt in softened water, which produces, brine. This solution is then electrolyzed and forms sodium hypochlorite solution. When the hypochlorite is added to the water…

Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the product that is produced from sodium hypochlorite oxidizing 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and this experiment is to also determine if sodium hypochlorite is a selective oxidizing agent. This reaction is an oxidation reaction. The reaction involves the removal hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1.…

Description White King Bleach is a multi-purpose cleaner (Pental 2018, para. 2). The product manufacturer of bleach is Pental Products Pty Ltd located in Shepparton, Victoria (Pental Products Pty Ltd 2016). The chemicals contained in this product are sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide and coco dimethyl amine oxide (Pental Products Pty Ltd 2016). Bleach has positive and hazardous effects on human health, in the context of household use as detailed in journal 1. In addition, the substance also…

Hello I am Marcus Gonzalez a chemistry student at Texas State University and my lab partner, Colten and I where instructed to see if the combination and specific concentrations of sodium thiosulfate plus sodium hypochlorite are able to produce second degree burns on a person within 10 seconds. In order for a second degree burn to be possible we must reach a temperature of at least 56°C (133°F) in order to create burns up to third degree for the time the chemical stayed on the worker. Now the…

Results The results obtained were statistically analyzed using the Fishers exact test. Table 1: Comparison of microbial growth between different groups Sodium Hypochloride Total Fishers exact test Endovac Laser Control p-value No Growth 5(50.0%) 8(80.0%) 0 15(37.5%) <0.001* <103 5(50.0%) 2(20.0%) 0 7(17.5%) 103 – 108 0 0 0 8(20.0%) >108 0 0 10(100.0%) 10(25.0%) Total 10 10 10 40(100.0%) *p<0.05 statistically significant p>0.05 non significant, NS Amongst the 10…

Contents Introduction 2 Aim 3 Hypothesis 3 Materials List 3 Safety Considerations 4 Hotplates 4 Potential Health Effects: 4 First Aid Measures: 4 Lipase Solution 4 Potential Health Effects: 4 First Aid Measures: 4 Sodium Carbonate 5 Potential Health Effects: 5 First Aid Measures: 5 Phenolphthalein 6 Potential Health Effects: 6 First Aid Measures: 6 Full Cream Milk 6 Test Tubes, Glass Rods and Measuring Beakers 7 Method 7 Results 8 Discussion 9 Conclusion 10 Appendix 10 Calculations: 13…

that demonstrated how renal system responses and reacts when subjects consuming different types of fluids. Respective fluid volumes are based on each subject’s body mass. Based on each subject’s body mass, after converted from pounds to kilograms, every subjects has different volume and fluids for ingestion. For the control subject, she ingested no fluid throughout entire lab which represented the conditions of normal fluid. For the hypotonic subjects, she ingested 854mL of water within 10…

liquid form. This is a physical change because its actual material that it consisted didn’t change, meaning, it’s still sugar, but in liquid form. Mixing solid copper sulphate with water is a physical change because a new substance was never formed and the copper sulphate is still copper sulphate, but in a different state. Plus the fact that the final product turned into a mixture (solution), which is another sign of a physical change. The changes I examined that were chemical in my experiment…

“With increasing degree of calcification, the concentration of NaOH increases. The relationship between the concentration of NaOH and the factors in the calcified red mud liquor is given by three Equations (16–18): N_NaOH=1.29(N_1 m_1-N_2 (m_2-N_NaOH/1.29) (16) m2 = m1+m1N3 (17) r = 1000/m2 …

1-Paper 2-gallon size Zip- Loc bag 3-Iodine beads (available from forensic supply companies) Note: Iodine crystals can be used along with a small amount of powdered vermiculite. 4-Rubber or plastic gloves are recommended 5-Safety glasses or goggles Safety Precautions Firstly,Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect our eyes from iodine vapors. Iodine is very toxic in nature , both as vapor and through excessive skin contact. Work in a well ventilated area is necessary. We must Keep all…