Hypochlorous acid

proliferation is very commonly used in laboratories and studies worldwide due to its low cost and high effectiveness and will therefore be the bacteria of choice for this investigation. It has been shown in many studies such as the article “HdeB chaperone activity is coupled to its intrinsic dynamic properties” very recently published in the prestigious magazine Nature that bacterial growth and overall metabolism can be inhibited by alterations in the pH of the culture. The active ingredient hypochlorous acid, found in bleach, affects proteins in bacteria by changing the pH of the environment and therefore denaturing them by affecting their secondary and tertiary structures. Moreover, hypochlorous acid has been found to have the same…

Mr Jose Pool Chemistry Equilibrium system and stress factors Jake 14/08/2014 Pool Chemistry Introduction Pools with crystal clear water look inviting on a hot day however there may be unseen hazards. Invisible dangerous pathogens and microorganisms may be present in pools that aren’t treated properly and can result in harmful side effects like swimmers ear or diarrhoea. Disinfectants are used to treat pools and chlorine is by far the most commonly used. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the…

mix of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion. Chlorine gas is compressed into its liquid form. When added to water it hydrolyszes to form hypochlorous acid. Cl2 (g) + H2O(l) ⇋
HOCl(aq) +H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) The hypochlorous acid is weak and partially ionizes in water to form hydronium and hypochlorite ions. HOCl(aq) + H2O(l) ⇋
 +H3O+(aq) + OCl-(aq) The hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions are reffered to as “free chlorine” The hypochlorous acid has no electrical charge, while the…

to water, some of the chlorine reacts first with inorganic and organic materials and metals in the water and is not available for disinfection (this is called chlorine demand of the water). After the chlorine demand is met, the remaining chlorine is called total chlorine. Total chlorine is further divided into: [35] i. Combined chlorine, which is the amount of chlorine that has reacted with inorganic (nitrates, etc.) and organic nitrogen-containing molecules (urea, etc.) to make weak…

oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…

neutralization reaction. A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (a salt) and water; the resulting pH is closer to 7. The general chemical equation for a neutralization reaction is: Acid + Base Water + Ionic Compound This can also be considered as a double displacement reaction. However, since the reacts are an acid (carbonic acid) and a base (sodium hydroxide) and the products are a salt (sodium carbonate) and water (H2O),…

than anything else. It is important to take care of the body from any harm. One thing that the body is capable of is maintaining pH levels and buffers. A pH is the power of hydrogen and buffers prevent extreme shifts in pH. The blood has a specific type of buffer that is maintained at pH level of 7.4. If the buffers shifts and levels of pH go to 7 or 7.8, it can be deadly. The blood buffer contains carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate acid and hydrogen ions. This equation can also be…

Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) donor. An equation exemplifying an acid dissolving in water is: HCl (g) H2O H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) A base, based on the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, is defined as a proton (H+) acceptor. An equation exemplifying a base dissolving in water: NaOH (s) H2O Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Molarity, also known as the concentration, is represented as moles of the measured substance divided by the volume in dm3. It is a value of the amount of substance in a…

INTRODUCTION : The concept of dentin adhesion presently used involves the nanomechanical retention which is due to polymerisation of hydrophilic monomers around acid exposed collagen fibres.1 The entanglement of these monomers within the exposed collagen fibres gives rise to the so called Hybrid layer , which is also referred as Resin infiltrated Dentin layer.2 The presence of hybrid layer is important for attainment of a leakage free interface between the cavity walls and resin composite.2…

occurring all over the world, from deforestation to excessive water pollution. One urgent issue facing the world today is freshwater pollution and the negative effects it is having on freshwater aquatic life. Pollution is creating a positive feedback loop in our freshwater aquatic life, including the killings of many of freshwater wildlife. Through the analysis of several different articles and books, this review will look over how eutrophication, acid rain, and heavy metal pollution effects…