Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer, with about one million new cases estimated in the U.S. each year. Not only is it the most common skin cancer, but it is the most common of all types of cancer. One in four Americans are likely to develop a basal cell carcinoma. Basal cells line the deepest layer of epidermis. The growths are malignant tumors that arise in this layer of skin. BCCs occur most frequently on sun-exposed regions of the body. Although this skin cancer…

4.1. Historical Accounts The purpose of this objective was to gather current studies about the co-infection of HIV/HBV and provide facts with evidences to Liver Health Connection. Hence, Liver Health Connection utilizes the product of the research to educate providers, the community, and patients. As I indicated in my proposal, the first objective was to research about the Viral Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection Before the start of objective one, LHC provided…

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Intro & History Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesviridae family, is a prevalent viral pathogen called human herpes virus 5 (HHV5)[5]. It can infect many organs and is commonly asymptomatic[1]. Once infected with CMV, patients will carry the infection for life, as the virus could remain latent in white blood cells of our body with and without the demonstration of symptoms[1]. The virus can be reactivated during other illness or stress, this may occur with or…

1. What is the presumptive diagnosis and at least two other potential diagnoses in the differential? Why is the presumptive diagnosis most likely? Hurthle Cell Carcinoma. This is the presumptive diagnosis at this point. The evidence that supports this is the cells were large and brightly eosinophilic which is likely the staining of the mitochondria within the cell. The combination of the eosinophilic staining and poorly formed follicles, likely makes this tumor follicular cell tumor more…

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a type of cancer of the breast. IDC starts in the milk ducts of the breast, breaks through the walls of the duct, and begins to invade and grow into the fatty tissue of the breast. Since this is an invasive cancer, it is then able to spread to other organs in the body, such as the lymphatic system. IDC is the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for 70-80% of all breast cancer diagnoses. A key component in diagnosing IDC is yearly screening mammograms…

Background Basal cell carcinoma can be defined as a malignant neoplasm in humans. Basal cell carcinoma originates in the areas between the follicles, subject to a spontaneous mutation. BCC’s can be organized into four categories: nodular, morpheaform, metatypical, and superficial. BCC can be treated generally through SMO inhibitors, for example, vismodegib (Ximena 398). Vismodegib is a molecule inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway (Pricl 389). The pathogenesis of BCC is the inapposite…

Advanced pancreatic carcinoma (APC) has a poor prognosis and chemotherapy remains the most common approach. Gemcitabine was the only drug recently approved for use as single agent therapy in APC. However, the combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown some promising results. This phase II trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of oxaliplatin, 5-FU, and folinic acid (FOLFOX-6) in previously untreated APC patients. METHODS: We studied response rate, time to progression…

Basal cell carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma also known as (BCC) is a type of skin cancer that effects the basal cells that line the epidermis. Basal cells duplicate and increase to the point where they penetrate the dermis (top layer of the skin). What causes the basal cells to react this way is usually being exposed to excessive sunlight and/or ultraviolet rays as well as having or had many severe sunburns, overexposure to x-rays, and having relatives who had skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma is…

The core of the hepatitis B virus is generally in the shape of an icosahedron. Within the virus, there are two strands of DNA, one smaller than the other, which is circular. HBV is around 42 nm in width, and the core is surrounded in a 4nm thick coat. They are enveloped, which means they are more susceptible to being destroyed, because the envelope is very thin. Viruses in general are very small, much smaller than bacteria, and HBV is no different. (Image:…

Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare and aggressive tumor that has worse prognosis and higher metastatic potential than pancreatic adenocarcinoma(Kardon, Thompson et al. 2001, Boyd, Benarroch-Gampel et al. 2012). A major hindrance towards development of therapies against pancreatic ASC is that no unique molecular signature has been identified for this class of pancreatic tumors. Although KRAS and TP53 are altered in pancreatic ASC (Brody, Costantino et al. 2009), the same genes are…