Carcinoma

Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer and it is the most diagnosed type of breast cancer [Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)1]. Invasive means that the cancer has “invaded” or spread to the surrounding breast tissues [IDC — Invasive Ductal Carcinoma 1]. Ductal means that the cancer began in the milk ducts, which are the “pipes” that carry milk from the milk-producing lobules to the nipple [IDC — Invasive Ductal Carcinoma 2]. IDC has the potential to invade your lymph…

Ductal Carcinoma Cancer Cancer has been around for a longtime but breast cancer has become more prevalent in the past ten years. Although breast cancer is a more common factor for women, men can also have breast cancer. There are different types of breast cancer however; Ductal Carcinoma Cancer is the most common type of noninvasive breast cancer women experience. The American Cancer Society (ACS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC), are two of the most knowledgeable…

In situ carcinoma In situ carcinomas are malignant epithelial growths that are limited to the acini, terminal ductules, or ductal system of the breast without invasion into the surrounding breast stroma. (25) 1) Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): also known as intraductal carcinoma is considered noninvasive or pre-invasive breast cancer, DCIS means a malignant proliferation of epithelial cells, confined to the lumen of ducts. In situ carcinomas were divided into three grades:…

Colorectal carcinoma is a cancer of the large intestine (colon) and rectum , the lower part of the digestive system. It can metastasis to liver, lung, bone, brain and lymph nodes. These are the common sites [8]. However, liver metastases is the main cause for death. Adrenal gland, testicular and skin are the less frequent sites(8). Usually, liver metastases are hypo vascular [5]. Colorectal cancer can be diagnosed by many modalities such as CT SCAN, FDG/PET And FDG PET/CT. PET/CT is the most…

A quote to highlight the misuse of medical ethics is “TeLinde disagreed— he believed carcinoma in situ was simply an early stage of invasive carcinoma that, if left untreated, eventually became deadly. So he treated it aggressively, often removing the cervix, uterus, and most of the vagina” (Skloot 165). This was unethical because there was no proven way to tell if this…

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also known as malignant hepatoma. It is the most common type of liver carcinoma. What Are The Risk Factors? The major risk factors include cirrhosis and underlying liver diseases. Cirrhosis may be caused by alcohol abuse, Hepatitis B/C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, chronic liver inflammation, and hemochromatosis. Some of the underlying liver diseases, which commonly manifests into HCC are: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection…

The patient is a 93-year-old female who presents to the ED complaining of right upper arm swelling over the past several days. The patient has a history of a right breast carcinoma. She recently diagnosed and she has been placed on Tamoxifen. She had a venous doppler study done in the private medical doctor's office which showed that she had a DVT of the right upper arm and therefore she was referred to the ER. Her private physician is Dr. Shiraz Yussaf and oncologist is Dr. McIntosh. Her…

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma or also known as (ATC) is located on the gene NKX2-1 which is found on chromosome 14q13.3. ATC is a very rapid and aggressive type of thyroid cancer. Anaplastic invades the thyroid gland that’s located at the base of the throat right below the adam’s apple. Your thyroid produces hormones that regulate your heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and weight. Anaplastic is the least common thyroid cancer out of the 4 types, anaplastic occurs to people of the age…

The clinicopathologic records for each patient were published previously [17] (Table 1). The average age of the randomly selected group of 100 breast carcinoma cases with stage I (24%), stage II (39%), stage III (33%), and stage IV (2%) and two patients undetermined disease was about 51.5 years. Fifty-eight percent of the patients were premenopausal cases, with an average age of 37.5 years. The average age of postmenopausal patients was 61.2 years. Numerous publications have reported aberrant…

is called endocervix. The part on the outside is called the ectocervix. Most cervical cancers start where these two parts meet. There are two main types, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Occasionally, mixed carcinomas, with features of both types, occur. Approximately 80% of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, with most of the rest being adenocarcinoma. Cervical cancer is caused by the sexually transmitted HPV, which is the most common viral infection of the reproductive…