Calvinism

1. Since Pope Leo X needed money to build the Saint Peter’s Basilica, he collected money by selling indulgences. The Doctrine of Indulgence says that the church would have the authority to grant people merits to give spiritual benefits. Luther would later then attach to the door of the church at Wittenberg Castle the list of the 95 theses on the indulgences. Soon he would publicly challenge the authority of the Pope and the church council and the response was by giving him two months or be…

After the break from Calvinism, the ideals of the Enlightenment more or less stayed the same all through the apparition of the Frontier theory. This explains the recurrence of the ideals of the self, albeit more associated with self-improvement, as well as the pursuit of wealth…

In John Wesley’s sermon “Free Grace,” Wesley stated that “The grace or love of God from which our salvation comes is free in all, and free for all. This was a direct contradiction to the Calvinist teachings that taught God’s grace is not free for all but irresistibly forced upon only the elect. Wesley did not believe, or preach that this was supported by Scripture. The Calvinist would use John 6:44 to support the doctrine of predestination. Wesley is in total agreement with this statement as…

Started by Martin Luther and the creation of Lutheranism reformation of Christianity spread across Europe, reformations like these spread across Europe. The protestant reformation spread throughout Europe with many different sects being created. After losing so many members, the Catholic church realized that they were doing something wrong and had their own reformation which has been deemed the “counter-reformation.” Ultimately the two religious revolutions because the protestant reformation…

Representations of masculinity in Fight Club and The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner dissertation proposal. The main focus of my dissertation will be on representations of masculinity in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club and James Hogg’s The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner. The aim of the project is to be able to compare and contrast the representations of masculinity in both texts and to be able to determine whether they are inaccurate or whether they…

The Protestant Reformation was a great religious movement that encouraged a reform in the authority and bylaws of the Catholic church, and led to both changes and breaks away from the Church’s authority. Beginning in the early 16th century, the Reformation officially began when Martin Luther challenged the Roman Catholic church. Luther initially challenged the Church by posting his 95 theses to the Church door, a list of disputes towards clerical abuses, nepotism, simony, usury, pluralism, and…

Franklin and Jonathan Edwards were two of the most influential men during America’s enlightenment. However, they have two very opposing viewpoint on virtually everything. Edwards believes that man’s primary responsibility is to God and is driven by Calvinism, while Franklin rejects theology as the responsibility of man and instead determines that man’s responsibility is to seek a virtuous life through purpose. Jonathan Edwards uses his sermons and explicit imagery to convey that man’s purpose…

existed. The second aspect of the Peace of Westphalia was religion. It redefined Protestants and Catholics as equal before the law across Europe. While this may have suppressed religious conflict, it did nothing to the division itself. In addition, Calvinism was given legal recognition, solidifying that division in ideology. With the independence of the German Princes, each of them was permitted to determine the religion of his own state, whether Catholic, Lutheran, or Calvinist, strengthening…

In the 16th century, there was a large criticism when dealing with the church. The criticism was known as the Reformation. The cause and results of the Reformation were viewed from two different viewpoints, from England’s and from Germany’s. The two countries have similarities of the reformation as well as the differences. Reformers such as Martin Luther, who led the reformation in Germany and Henry VIII, led the reformation in England, each one of them dealing with their own strategy for their…

Five points of Calvinism according Slick (2014) those…