Bilirubin

1) Bilirubin is the byproduct after the liver breaks down old or excessive RBCs. Two forms of bilirubin. • Conjugated and unconjugated. Unconjugated bilirubin is occurs from rapid breakdown of too many RBCs in an infant’s blood after birth. • The liver converts unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin that can be excreted. • UV light also converts unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated through the skin. Hyperbilirubinemia is an excessive serum bilirubin level due to an infant’s inability to excrete it fast enough. • Hyperbilirubinemia is also referred to as jaundice. 2) Hyperbilirubinemia is predominantly caused by bilirubin circulating in the blood. Other causes include: • Baby’s inability to excrete the excess. • An infection that may be present. •…

thirty-six hours, the baby still had an increased reticulocyte count of 5.5 to 7.5 % and an increased bilirubin level of 7.0 to 18.0 mg/dL. The mother had two children previous of her newborn. Her first child had a blood type of O positive and a negative direct anti-globulin test. Her second child had a blood type of O positive as well but, had a positive direct anti-globulin test. After an Elution was done, removing any antibodies attached to the baby’s red blood cells, the second child…

Why is Sharon is experiencing the following signs/symptoms? Please provide the specific pathophysiology. (4 points) •Jaundice: Jaundice occurs when your liver doesn’t metabolize bilirubin the way it’s supposed to. Accumulation of bilirubin or its conjugates in body tissues produces jaundice, which is characterized by high plasma bilirubin levels and deposition of yellow bilirubin pigments in the skin and other tissues. Jaundice caused during the hepatic phase can arise from abnormalities in the…

multiple processes including an increase in production of bilirubin, decreased hepatic uptake, decreased conjugation, impaired excretion, impaired bile flow, or an in increase in enterohepatic circulation. The bulk of bilirubin comes from the breakdown of hemoglobin into unconjugated bilirubin. Unconjugated bilirubin binds to albumin in the blood so it can be transported to the liver where it is then taken by the hepatocytes and then conjugated with glucuronic acid by an enzyme so it can become…

Also, the system of unit (SI) was multiplied by the above value of 0.357 for blood urea nitrogen, 0.02586 of both high/ low density lipoprotein, and 0.01129 for triglycerides. The researchers added 1/5 and 1/10 dilution of the specimen and showed no changes in the TC value. They also used the icteric index to identify the patient’s total amount of bilirubin. Also, lipemic index and the hemolysis index were used during the procedure and showed no interference. The method that they used for…

The CMP results show that his blood glucose levels are very high and that is because he is a type two diabetic. The bilirubin levels are really high and this can indicate cancer of the pancreas due to the blockage from cancerous cells in the bile ducts . Bilirubin is a waste product produced by the normal breakdown of heme, which is a component of hemoglobin that is found in red blood cells. Bilirubin is ultimately processed by the liver to allow its elimination from the body. Any condition that…

abnormal amounts of lipids in the blood, which causes cholesterol levels to increase. Studies have found that some patients present with off the charts cholesterol levels prior to being diagnosed. Medical professionals use the liver blood test to determine the levels of enzymes that signal liver disease or bile duct issues. Sometimes testing needs to go a step further and a biopsy of the liver could be performed. The last test that could be ran is an antibody test to check for…

BILIRUBIN Bilirubin is an orange -yellow substance which is made during the breaking down of RBC’s. It is excreted out of the body through liver. The test results for Bilirubin are stated as conjugated (direct), unconjugated (indirect) . Higher level of bilirubin indicates different types of liver problems. Normal level of total bilirubin is 1.2 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) for adults, and usually 1 mg/dL for those under 18 and for direct bilirubin are generally 0.3 mg/dL. A bilirubin test…

Case Scenario Week 3 Questions 1. What causes hepatic encephalopathy (HE)? Some causes of HE are: increased ammonia levels that are caused by a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, increased ammonia from bacteria in stool that is caused by constipation, hypokalemia, hypovolemia which is caused by decreased blood flow, which causes a decrease in renal function and impairment of the cerebral. HE is also caused by infection, pain medications, depressants which can cause toxicity of the liver, dehydration,…

SETTING THE SCENE: Late at night a middle age man (pt) walks into a bar and orders drink after drink until the bartender cuts the man off. He gets angry and stumbles out of the bar. On his way out he his grasping his abdomen and suddenly fall to the ground (in the middle of the bar) unconscious. An emergency medical responder happens to be in the bar and starts to assess the man but also called for help. EMS is activated. Scene: It’s a Friday 11:10pm. A crowded Irish pub with drinks all over the…