Axon

biological systems in the body, such as nervous or digestive systems; which also compare similarly to an animal’s nervous or digestive system. In example, there have been many discoveries pertaining to the functions of neurons from studying a giant squid’s axon. All this information can all be used to further discoveries of the human anatomy into higher…

(NINDS.nih.gov). It is diagnosed when a presence of globoid cells are found. Those are cells with more than one nucleus. A nucleus is like the brain of the cell where all the action happens. This disease breaks down the coating of nerve fibers or axons, those are called Myelin Sheath. This disease also breaks down brain cells which are imperative for everyday functioning and intelligence. This causes impairment of motor and mental skills. Krabbe disease is caused by a lack of an essential…

The squealing pig demonstration of Galen is one of the most famous single physiological demonstrations of all time that even Leonardo da Vinci was inspired to produce a beautiful drawing of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (Gross, 1997). According to Gross (1998), it was Galen’s squealing pig demonstration that brought the first experimental and publicly repeatable evidence that the brain controls behavior. In his time, Galen even made lengthy arguments against Stoic philosophers, implying in…

mass of 150kD. Recently, Type B Botulinum Toxin is also commercially available in market.  Mechanism of Action The main site of action of Botulinum toxin is neuromuscular junction. Normally, at the junction, when action potential depolarises the axon terminal, acetylcholine is released from the synaptic cleft. This process is facilitated by a transport protein, named SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)…

writes the word “brain,” and on the top of the triangle he writes “relationships.” He explains that the brain is a collection of neurons that are connected to each other through synapses creating a spider web formation. Electrical energies flow down the axon and turn into chemical energy. These electrical and chemical processes are how the brain functions. Siegel explains…

1. Oculomotor nerve (III) : The nuclear complex of the 3rd (oculomotor) nerve is situated in the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus, ventral to the Sylvian aqueduct .It is composed of thefollowing paired and unpaired subnuclei. • Levator subnucleus is an unpaired caudal midline structure which innervates both levator muscles. Lesions confined to this area will therefore give rise to bilateral ptosis. • Superior rectus subnuclei are paired: each innervates the respective…

Tessa Jones Professor Pericone M.S. Human Anatomy & Physiology I – BIOL 130-03 20 November 2017 The Stiff Truth About Rigor Mortis Growing up, I have always been intrigued by murder mysteries. My favorite shows consisted of Criminal Minds, CSI, and NCIS. From watching these shows episode after episode, I have become familiarized with the term “Rigor Mortis”. Rigor Mortis is referred to as the third stage of death, where the muscles in the body contract leaving the body “stiff” for a period of…

The human brain is unquestionably one of the greatest inventions in our history. No MacBook Pro or 100,000 dollar super customized computer that glows blue and displays holograms of your celebrity crush can stand up to the processing power of the brain. In one second it pumps blood, allows you to breathe, cleanses the blood stream, and destroys any antigens that may be in your bloodstream. It can perform all these tasks in one second without you even telling it to. Also, it allows you to have…

The All-or-none law is the principle that the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If that stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response. It was first established by the American physiologist Henry Pickering Bowditch in 1871 for the contraction of heart muscle. According to him, describing the relation of response to stimulus, “An…

hormones in adulthood might explain other in sex differences. For example, testosterone and estrogen have different effects on the body during times of stress. When there is a high amount of testosterone present when the body undergoes stress, a neuron’s axons tend to shrink. However, axon’s often experience growth in the presence of estrogen. This is due to distinct differences in what chemicals testosterone and estrogen activate during fight or flight. Testosterone activates primarily…