INTRODUCTION Dyes exist in natural and synthetic forms in the world; they are used for the purpose of changing colors of different materials. William Perkins first discovered the azo dye on accident after adding alcohol to a product in the lab. They have the ability to do this due to the molecules of the dyes possessing conjugation. Conjugation is defined as p-orbitals overlapping which causes the electrons within to be delocalized; it is also seen in molecules and compounds that contain alternating double bonds. Systems that possess conjugation absorb energy in the ultraviolet-visible region of the spectrum to cause excitement of electrons and the transitions. When the electrons get excited, they jump from lower energy levels, to an excited…
Problem Statement Industries are generated waste water, which contain dyes and pigments in waste water. Characteristically high in colour and organic content (Grag, et al., 2004). Dyes are widely used in industries such as textile, rubber, paper, plastic, and cosmetic. There are many of dyes exist in industries and one of them is methyl red and through nano zerovalent iron removal of dyes from waste water. Dye industry effluents constitute one of the most problematic wastewaters to be treated…
the time period given. Aim My aim for this project is to find out if dye in candles can affect the speed rate they burn in. I will test one white candle with a high dye pigmentation candle such as blue or purple against white. Then I will measure…
Determining Food Dye Content Lab was to identify the food dye coloring in green apple Gatorade, and determine the dye’s concentration to ultimately recreate a solution containing the same concentration of dyes as the original. To determine the concentration of the dyes present in the green apple Gatorade, a spectrometer was used to measure the wavelengths and absorbance values for the given dyes. A sample of the green apple Gatorade was tested in the spectrometer to measure its absorption and…
made use of two reactions in synthesizing 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol, also known as Sudan-1. The first is the diazotization reaction in which a diazonium salt is formed from the conversion of primary aromatic amines, such as aniline, to compounds with the nitroso functional group using a nitrous acid, such as HNO2. The diazonium salt was then used as an electrophile in a coupling reaction with an aromatic compound, β-naphthol. Recrystallization was conducted and yielded 0.18 g of a red-orange…
Bacteria survive by multiplying in its host cell, so inhibiting their growth would cause the death of the bacteria. Sulfa drugs work of many various diseases that affect the human body. A sulfa drugs main component is an azo dye. This dye was first made by Paul Gelmo a chemistry student at the University of Vienna in 1908. How sulfa drugs work is by an enzyme inhibitor. This unique inhibitor binds and stops the work of Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS). The sulfonamide replaces the 4-Aminobenzoic…
India, with the objective of evaluate an ecofriendly textile dyes biodegradation. To isolate the microorganism, they first collected a soil sample from the waste disposal site and inoculated the sample in a nutrient medium with a dye. Then they incubated and plated in agar with dye. The colonies that had a halo of decolorization were selected to be submitted to biochemical tests and 16S rDNA analyses that identified Pseudomonas sp. SUK1. The phylogenetic analyses showed a close relation with…
50 mg/L dye solution and Vortex at 150 rpm for various time intervals at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, minutes. The above steps were repeated using dye concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/L dye solutions. Adsorbent dosage is an important parameter because it determines the capacity of adsorbent for a given initial concentration of dye molecules. Then their % absorbance’s were calculated by spectrophotometer (λmax=410) and thus amount adsorbed were calculated. Data obtained from the experiments with 0.20…
Genuine work on histological dye staining, though, started not before the second half of 19th century in which carmine or cochineal was the most used dye. General stains will dye the tissue uniformly while selective stains will dye only the tissue components in which they have natural affinity for. Dyes can be roughly divided into acidic dyes and basic dyes. Basic dyes stain acidic components while acidic dyes stain basic components. P. Ehrlich used a method for mixing acidic and basic dyes that…
Principle: Principle of the method Modified Jacobs & Hochheiser Method (IS 5182 Part 6 Methods for Measurement of Air Pollution: Oxides of nitrogen). Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is collected by bubbling air through a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium arsenite. The concentration of nitrite ion (NO- 2) produced during sampling is determined calorimetrically by reacting the nitrite ion with phosphoric acid, sulfanilamide, and N-(1-naphthyl)- ethylene diamine di-hydrochloride (NEDA) and…