Antibiotic

There are reports in the news of antibiotic resistant strains of Shigella sonnei. How might antibiotic resistance arise in bacteria (see class notes and power points)? Over the past 60 years humanity has reaped invaluable benefits from advancements in health care and technology1. The average life span of people living in developed nations have increased as access cutting edge medicine is made readily available. Diseases such as small pox have been completely eradicated. And contraction of…

Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection that occurs just below the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It's characterized by redness, heat, and pain. The word Cellulitis means inflammation of the cells. This disease can be seen in primary-care settings such as long-term care, home care, and daycare settings. If left untreated, Cellulitis can lead to hospitalization and visits to the emergency room. Those with weak immune systems and blood circulation problems are more likely to develop this…

microbiology, 7, p.45. Fuse, K. et al., 2013. Reduction of virulence factor pyocyanin production in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 19, pp.82–88. Hassan, H.M. & Fridovich, I., 1980. Mechanism of the antibiotic action of pyocyanine. Journal of Bacteriology, 141(1),…

Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for various types of infections including skin and also respiratory tract infections. S.aureus can infect tissue when if the defensive line such as the skin or mucosal barriers had been breached. The infection caused by this bacteria can be spread in different modes such as direct contact from an infected wound, contact with the hyaluronidase, an enzyme produced by the bacteria that destroys tissues or even skin to skin contact with an infected person.…

The 5 modes of action for antimicrobial drugs can affect the cell wall. It affects the peptidoglycan layer on the cell wall. It does this by breaking the peptidoglycan chains apart. An example of a drug is penicillin, methicillin and ampicillin. The second thing they can do is affect the plasma membrane. They do this by breaking up the lipids o the plasma membrane. Some drugs that do this are polymyxin, bacitracin. Most are antibacterial and anti-fungal drugs. The third thing they can do I s…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Systemic illness due to microbial infection that can lead to acute organ dysfunction or failure and associated with host immune response to infection CLASSIFICATION • There is a disease continuum with increasing severity if not treated or not responsive to treatment o Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) - Documented or suspected infection with systemic manifestations of infection - Clinical response to a nonspecific insult of either infectious or…

I chose the Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)because I received a kidney transplant 19 months ago and I’m still not satisfied with hypertension being the sole reason for my kidney failure. I read the last term that an untreated urinary tract infection could result in a kidney infection called pyelonephritis. So I’ll continue to research until I get a more defined answer of why I’m suffering from kidney failure. A urinary tract infection is caused by organisms/microbes including bacteria, fungi,…

Figure 2: Penicillin Mechanism of Action of β-lactam Antibiotics β-lactam antibiotics function by inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In 1965, Donald Tipper and Jack Strominger determined that that penicillin is a substrate or transition state analog of the acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala of uncross-linked peptidoglycan. The inhibition…

Antibiotics are the most important group of drugs which play a significant role to protect humans and animals against bacterial infections (3). In other words, the use of antibiotics is the most conventional method for treating humans (4). These drugs also are used in fish farming industries in order to improve growth (5). Antibiotics are naturally absorbed by the human body after the use. Therefore, much of the drugs or their metabolites are removed from the body through the urine and feces…

advantage. The present study was conducted in order to transform E.coli into an antibiotic-resistant bacteria by introducing a plasmid, lux and pUC18, containing a gene for the resistance to Ampicillin. The procedure had four basic steps: treating bacterial cells with CaCl2 solution in…