Theory of Industrial Relations Essay

HRM is strategy-focused, i.e., by itself it is strategic in nature. HRM at strategic level is SHRM. (Kazmi, 2002) Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) implies a concern with the ways in which HRM is crucial to organizational effectiveness. (Miller 1987) defines Strategic Human Resource Management practice as the decisions and actions, which concern the management of employees at all, levels in the business, and is related to the implementation of strategies directed towards sustaining…

common lands, which pushed peasants and craftspeople into low paying, gruelling and dangerous jobs, eroding traditional hierarchies and community bonds. People were brought together in cramped, dirty towns and worksites and the new financial and industrial elite supplanted the old aristocracies. In addition…

After the civil war, the United States was a country in total disarray. The Reconstruction period was intended to rebuild the Southern economy and government. In many ways, the Reconstruction Era was considered both a failure and a success. In a way, the Reconstruction period was considered a success because the government passed amendments to protect the rights of African Americans. The thirteen, fourteen, and fifteen amendments were critical to their rights. It created equality for African…

nuclear deterrence theory is a common term used in international relations. This theory gained prominence during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons. Nuclear deterrence in short means to deter one state from attacking another with its nuclear weapons, that is, the state is discouraged from attacking. As a result of its extreme destructive power, nuclear weapons could deter more powerful adversaries. The nuclear deterrence theory is and has always been a theory that many states…

3.1 Introduction By definition competence is the ability of an individual to do a job or perform a task properly. A competency is a set of defined behaviors that enables individual employees to differ from one another in terms of evaluation, skills and development. As a term competence appeared in the U.S. in 1959 by R.W. White, and it was a concept of performance motivation. Later, in 1970, Craig Lundberg & Francis Wolek defined this concept in "Planning the Executive Development Program" and…

and subalternity. However, the voice of the Other dismantles this binary, going beyond the coloniser-colonised framework, and shows that the nature and shape of Dalit, Adivasi, and tribal subalternity are quite unlike those produced by colonial relations. This marginal voice necessitates a consciousness that seeks to dismantle the elitist discourse and its systematic colonisation of the Other. In my dissertation, I propose to go beyond the theoretical paradigm of postcolonialism, and dissect the…

Document 1 is an extract from What is a Nation? by Ernest Renan, a French scholar known for his political theories on national identity. The document gives different aspects of what he claims forms a nation. It is written in 1882, in the period that the idea of nationalism was emerging with the 'rise of intra-European movements'.1 This could be argued to be partly the consequence of the resurgence of imperialism, which could have increased national feeling. France itself was recovering of her…

of the male and female full-time labor force. According female-male wage ratio, women earn on average 72% what men earn. If women had the same education and experience as men, their wages would be 81% of men’s wages. Even if women had the same industrial and occupational distribution, and the same union coverage, their wages would still only be 88% of men’s wages. Still, measuring discrimination accurately is problematic because it is not possible to take into consideration all the variables…

Pakistan’s international trading policy consisted of ensuring a highly protective trade regime until the late 1980s. Tariff rates were excessively high and non-tariff barriers kept competing imports away from the domestic markets. It was only in the 1990s that trade liberalization policies were initiated. During the period of protection the manufacturing and tax revenues grew by less than 5% annually. Once the tariff reforms were adopted manufacturing, revenues and exports have all grown in…

to calm them down so that they can function and focus on what needs to be done. There are two ethical systems that we found that help the argument of why marijuana should not be legalized. These systems include, divine command theory and virtue ethics. Divine command theory is “God said it, believe it, that settles it”. Virtue ethics says “The goal is to be a good person”. Both of these ethical views can back up how I feel about marijuana. They make good…