X chromosome

height ratio; in procedure 17.3 codominance will be observed in human blood, and the blood types of unknown samples will be determined. In procedure 17.4, Rh positive and Rh negative will be tested for in blood samples. A unit of heredity on a chromosome is called a gene. Mendel’s particulate theory states that offspring have characteristics inherited from their parents by genes that are passed from parent to offspring. The offspring receives one gene from each parent (Law of Segregation).…

disease developing. There are three different forms of genetic testing that can be done. These are gene tests where individual genes or relatively short lengths of DNA or RNA are tested. Another form of testing is chromosomal tests where whole chromosomes or very long lengths of DNA are tested. The last form of testing is biochemical testing, where protein levels or enzyme activities are tested. (FAQ) The DNA or RNA taken for a gene test is taken from a person’s blood, body fluids like saliva,…

Gene expression within a eukaryotic cell is directly impacted by the spatial organization of the nucleus [1]. Cellular organization is carried out at the chromosome-level [1], through means of chromosome folding, gene kissing, looping, nuclear lamina associations and protein-nucleic acid interactions within nuclear bodies. Observation of the nucleolus using Raman microspectroscopy may provide more insight into macromolecule density and distribution, as well as provide answers to the still…

meiosis has a synapsis of homologous chromosomes while mitosis does not. During daughter cell number and genetic composition, mitosis has two, each diploid cell is identical to the mother cell. While during meiosis this changes to 4 and each haploid cell contains half as many chromosomes as the mother cell and is inherently genetically different than the mother cell. Another difference is how the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, during mitosis the chromosomes will align at the center,…

presence of more than two sets of chromosomes (3n, 4n, 5n, etc.) (Soltis et al., 2009) as sporophyte. Polyploids may have arisen as the result of nondisjunction during meiosis or may be generated when chromosomes are dividing properly in mitosis and meiosis, but the cytokinesis does not follow. Polyploidy can be classified into two: polysomic polyploidy (autopolyploidy) and disomic polyploidy (allopolyploidy) (Stebbins, 1951). Autopolyploidy comes from doubling of chromosome number within in…

Apert syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. Apert also has lots of other symptoms that differentiate them from the average person. It is a genetic disorder which 1 in every 70,000 inherit. This genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones known as craniosynostosis. The early fusion prevents the skull from developing and growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. It also effects a…

(scoliosis) can also be caused by Angelman Syndrome. Even with the abundant amount of disabilities that come with having this disorder, the life expectancy of the affected people is almost normal. The cause of Angelman Syndrome is a genetic mutation in chromosome 15. A person without this disorder would get one gene from their mother and one gene from their father. People with Angelman Syndrome, however, only have one of those genes active in parts of the brain, meaning that gene is either…

of 20,000-25,000 genes per one single chromosome? And one change or shortage in such a minute item can cause a major condition, disease, disorder and even cancer. Chromosomes seven - twelve have large number of gene pairs and genes that are roughly the following; chromosome 7 spans about 159 million DNA base pairs and likely contains 900 to 1,000 genes, chromosome 8 spans more than 146 million DNA base pairs, and likely contains about 700 genes, chromosome 9 is made up of about 141 million DNA…

potential chromosomal disorder in a newborn. Edwards called it trisomy which means type unknown. Then he had some of the tissue tested and founded an extra chromosome. He then re-named named it trisomy eighteen, or Edwards syndrome. Edwards syndrome is where there are two pairs of eighteen chromosomes and it has an extra chromosome. Normally chromosome 18 only has two pairs. There are two types of Edwards syndrome, full form and mosaic trisomy eighteen. In full form about ninety five…

concept of race is a social construct, but unfortunately it is still used around the world. The video shows that everyone came from a scientific Adam and Eve and how it all started in Africa. Even though there are a lot of variations in a few DNA chromosomes around the world, African DNA and its unique variations of DNA show that it is indeed in Africa where all of our ancestral DNA can call…