X-ray fluorescence

An x- ray spectrometer is a type of instrument that is used to get analysis on rocks, minerals, and fluids in a non- destructive way (XRF, 2002). The way this device works is on a wavelength similar to an electron microbe (XRF, 2002). The only way this is possible is through the behavior and reaction of atoms when they come in contact with the radiation (XRF, 2002). The materials will then become excited from the short length radiation which will dislodge an electron (XRF, 2002). Energy will then be released, due to the shift of electrons from the inner and outer shell (XRF, 2002). High energy x- ray is used to bombard the sample (XRF, 2002). Enough energy is supplied to cause ionization at the k- shell of the atom (XRF, 2002). The electronic structure of the atom is now unstable (XRF, 2002). An electron from a higher orbital falls into the lower orbital to replace the ejected electron (XRF, 2002). Energy is released as this electron falls into the newly created spot (XRF, 2002). This energy is equal to the energy difference of the two orbitals involved (XRF, 2002). The sample therefore emits radiant energy that is characteristic of the atoms present (XRF, 2002). Finally, the resulting fluorescent x- ray can be used to get an analysis in ppb on a substance if it is present in the sample (XRF, 2002). The x- ray fluorescence spectrometer in the lab, however, measures in ppm instead of the common ppb. The…

growth rate was then quantified by measuring their confluency using a hemocytometer. Towards the end of the project, I learned that sirtuin inhibitors may help cells grow to a greater confluency compared to cells grown in media without sirtuin inhibitors, but no decisive conclusions can be made without further studies. My second and third research projects in Dr. An’s lab were analyses of phosphorylation sites in purine biosynthetic enzymes glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART)…

The other two ways heat can be transferred are called convection and conduction. Anything above -286 degrees Celsius gives off some amount of thermal energy, or infrared radiation. Half of the Sun’s energy is given off as infrared, and a good majority of the visible light gets absorbed, and then turned back into infrared radiation. Incandescent bulbs even give off 90% of their energy as IR radiation, and this is also true for toasters and other kitchen appliances. TV remotes use IR waves to send…

EXERCISE 1 As Wenger and Potter (2015) assert, “stand-ups can serve several functions, so it’s important to know in advance what you’re trying to accomplish with an on-camera segment” (p. 284). Personally, I would need to prepare myself thoroughly and conduct some research of my own to learn more about the topic at hand. My goal as a reporter is to establish credibility on the subject and be able to project confidence to the audience (Wenger and Potter, 2015). According to Wenger and Potter…

A hero can be classified by many things. A hero can be superman, a police officer, and even your mom, but what makes a hero. Is it someone who can fly or shoot laser beams from their eyes or someone who saves a baby from a burning building. I’ll admit some of these characteristics are far-fetched since I don’t know anyone who can fly or randomly saves babies on a normal day. All heroes, including super ones all, have something in common, they're admired for their courage or an outstanding thing…

Nearly all ancient societies practiced body modification through either piercingss or tattoos. These ancient practices are becoming ever more present in our modern Canadian society, especially tattoos. One writer says, “Permanent tattooing is the process of body modification by deposition of a pigment into the dermis” (Simunovic and Shinohara 525). In the past three decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become increasingly popular in the medical field. Magnetic resonance imaging is a…

allowing for organelles, such as mitochondria, to be seen in detail for the first time. Unlike light microscopy, TEM uses a beam of electrons, denoted as a cathode ray, to scan samples. While the traditional optical microscope is restricted in resolution by the wavelength of…

energy that the sun’s core presents, and the atoms in each consecutive level of our star as the light attempts to outflow. “together these efforts channeled the combined expertise of dozens of astronomers, computational physicists, and atomic physicists into diving with unprecedented precision how atoms in the layers of the sun and other stars interact with the light trying to escape” (James). In 2003, Yu had taken his career to join forces with prestige medical physicists; however, he sustained…

doctor (MD) or doctors of osteopathic medicine (DOs) who specialize in using medical imaging techniques that help diagnose and treat diseases and injuries. The medical imaging that they use would be x-rays, CTs,…

The patient's examination was started on the control panel computer with PA chest examination and wall stand selected. The DR central ray (CR) was horizontal and perpendicular to the wall stand detector with a focus film distance (FFD) of 180cm (Sloane et al, 2010). An FFD of 180 cm is recommended as it reduces the magnification of the heart, and reduces the radiation dose to the patient (Campeau and Fleitz, 2010). A focused grid is inserted into the moving grid mechanism of the wall stand and…