X chromosome

Introduction When analyzing biological processes and development, Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal organism to utilize. Compared to other organisms, the functions of D. melanogaster are easier to manipulate due to its quick sedation time from carbon dioxide. These flies can be sedated in less than ten seconds with a carbon dioxide flow rate of 5L/min. D. melanogaster also produces offspring in a short amount of time (roughly 10 days at 25 degrees Celsius), which makes it a desirable species…

women is Turner Syndrome. Turner syndrome also known as Ullrich-Turner syndrome, gonadal digenesis, and 45,X, is a chromosomal condition that happens to girls and women. It caused because there is either a complete or partial absence of the second sex chromosome. It is known to occur when all or part of the X chromosome is lost before or soon after the time of conception. Humans have 46 chromosomes containing all of a person’s genes and DNA and they usually have 45. It is a very rare disease as…

Research into the genetics of deafness has shown that mutations in the CX26 gene, located on human chromosome 13q11, cause non-syndromic recessive deafness (9, 10). Expression of GJB2 has been documented in a variety of cells and tissues. In the cochlea, CX26-containing gap junctions are proposed to maintain K homeostasis by ferrying K away from the hair…

(Reece et al. 2014) The Mitotic (M) Phase occurs in two parts: Mitosis and Cytokinesis During mitosis the DNA of the cell condenses into chromosomes and removed by the mitotic spindle. Mitosis takes place in four stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is split in two, making two new cells. Cytokinesis usually begins just…

Background: What is Down Syndrome? Down Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by an error in cell division that results in an extra twenty-first chromosome, that causes birth defects of developmental and intellectual delays. The human body is composed of trillions of cells and within the nucleus of each cell are structures called chromosomes (Parks, 2009). About eight million babies are diagnosed with Down Syndrome in the United States with approximately twenty thousand in Western Europe…

We used Drosophila melanogaster, for this experiment because they reproduce easily, are easily maintained, have easily observable traits, and have a low chromosome number. The life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster begins with females laying eggs, then the eggs mature into three larval stages. The first stage is called the 1st instar larva, the second is 2nd instar larva, and the thirst is 3rd instar larva…

Tay-Sachs Disease What if I told you that there was a disease that could cause your muscles to weaken. That it could also cause your brothers or sisters to die at an early age. Tay-Sachs Disease is a genetic disorder that usually happens in infants and the symptoms don’t show until the 5-6 months. This disease kills thousands if not hundreds of thousands. Tay-Sachs Disease symptoms are diagnosed according to what causes Tay-Sachs. Tay-Sachs is not inherited. Doctors, after diagnosis, will…

Was Queen Victoria’s birth illegitimate? –The genetics of Haemophilia Both forms of haemophilia result from mutations on the human X chromosome, a similar sex-linked pattern of inheritance as colour blindness.2 Each son of a female carrier has a fifty percent chance of having the disease, and each daughter has a fifty percent chance of being a carrier. An affected male’s daughters will all be carriers as he will pass on the mutated gene to them all; while he sons will not be affected11 Queen…

can get this terrible disease. Other names for this disorder are RTS, RTT, Cerebral Atrophic Hyperammonemia, Autism-dementia-ataxia-loss of purposeful hand use syndrome, and etc. Rett Syndrome is caused by a mutation in a particular gene in the X chromosome. And then that gene gets other genes to get involved into the development. The parents do not pass this disease down but rather the mutation happens in the own girls body. But the mutation that causes this disease occurs randomly. But…

ABSTRACT In this experiment we set up crosses between mutant and wildtype flies in order to find similarities to Mendel’s work with pea plants. We did this by placing females in vials with males and waiting one week. After one week we obtained the second generation and were able to observe the different phenotypes that resulted from the cross. We were able to count each phenotype under a microscope and record the number of each type. We used this data to calculate the chi square value, which…