Withdrawal

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Short-term effects of OxyContin are described by Suzanne Slade in her book OxyContin Abuse as becoming easily disoriented, cloudy thinking, drowsiness, sudden loss of consciousness, and possible frightening hallucinations. Short-term withdrawal symptoms may include mood changes, feelings of nausea, sweating, cold and clammy skin, chills, runny nose, fatigue, dry mouth, flushing, loss of appetite, and weakness. Long-term effects may include a tolerance to the abused drug, as the users body…

Nausea, anxiety, depression, muscle tremors. What do they all have in common? They are all side effects or withdrawal symptoms of America’s favorite and least recognized drug: caffeine. Caffeine has many negative side effects that far outweigh any benefits, and yet it can be found in virtually any household, university campus, workplace, or meetinghouse across the country. Not only that, but many people are not even aware that the very thing they consume on a daily basis has been debated over…

understand the risks involved in consuming drugs during pregnancy, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, placental abruption, and even maternal death. Risks related to the fetus include premature birth, low birth weight, congenital defects, withdrawal symptoms, and fetal death. Problems later in life, such as learning and behavior problems and slower than normal growth often occurs in babies that are born to mothers who use drugs during pregnancy (Using Illegal Drugs During Pregnancy |…

nAChRs and nicotine’s reward mechanism. Chronic desensitization of nAChRs due to repeated nicotine exposure leads to an increase in the number and function of nAChR binding sites in the brain (Benowitz, 2008). “It has been suggested that craving and withdrawal symptoms begin in chronic smokers when previously desensitized α4β2 nAChRs become unoccupied and recover to a responsive state during periods of abstinence, such as during nighttime sleep. Thus, nicotine binding and desensitization of…

Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Cocaine speeds up the messages traveling between the brain and the rest of the body. The drug introduces a sense of exhilaration in the user, primarily by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the midbrain (Ericson). The initial surge of euphoria is followed by a crash. The crash creates the need for more and the body becomes dependent on the drug. The effects appear almost immediately after a…

The passage by Stanley Peele,"Ain't Misbehavin',", is about addiction as becoming socially accepted as a disease. The author of the passage argues that addiction should not be considered a disease because he thinks it to be psychologically connected. The author mentions addictions to be physically habit forming but does not thinks addiction as a disease because in his opinion the disease model of addiction has negative outcomes for the society. The main issue with the passage is that the author…

Part 1: The Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders Throughout the previous years, researchers and practitioners progressively have become aware of the connection between substance abuse and mental disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) has realized that treatment areas required an outline of diagnostic criteria, assessment, psychopharmacology and substance abuse treatment for individuals with coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. This stemmed from co-occurring…

clinical trial approved by the FDA are in session to test how it works. It is like a reset button and sets an addicts neurotransmitter function back to how it was before they were an addict. After a single dose a addict suffers 80-90 percent less withdrawal symptoms than an addict who stops using with no medication help (Ibogaine) because once the body metabolizes Ibogaine it is turned into Noribogaine which remains in a person’s system four to six weeks. The lasting effects after the…

common type of addiction. On a more personal level, my grandma is an alcoholic and it is very hard to have holidays with her when she is always delusional. Addiction is classified as a substantial dependence on a certain substance that has drastic withdrawal consequences when the individual stops using that substance (“Substance, Gale). Doctors and other professionals like to call an addiction an out-of-control impulse disorder. By participating in these exciting activities, like drugs or…