Umayyad Caliphate

Downtrodden on the Mediterranean coastline, the hero rises before his cohort as they face overwhelming obstacles and rallies them onward to fortune and glory. This striking image coincidentally illustrates the origin of two disparate domains: Aeneas begetting the Roman people and Tariq ibn Zayid seizing the Iberian Peninsula for the Islamic Caliphate. The scenes of these heroes’ rousing speeches echo each other both literally and literarily as they open the classic tale of the birth of their cultures. The fictional Aeneas of Virgil’s epic poem as well as Tariq ibn Ziyad, who would be permanently veiled by legend and hyperbole, would become glorified by their supposed descendants them long after the facts had faded from the historical record. Their imposing images were intended to embellish the empires that succeeded them and have since…

The Umayyads were Sunni Muslims. They favorite the Arab Muslim to the non-muslim such as the Turks and Africans. Under the Umayyad Dynasty they tolerated the “People of the Book” but imposed tax. Umayyads citizen believed that Ali and his descendants, would be the religious leaders. Ali descendants would be hidden by god and return when there are five to return the piece. The political structure of the Umayyad, leader was handed out from family member to member. They also setup,…

The Abbasid Caliphate was one of the most powerful empires to rule over the Arab World. From around 750BCE to 1517BCE the Abbasid Caliphate controlled territory that spanned from Northern Africa to the western border of modern day India. This research paper will focus on forms of gender segregation in the Abbasid Caliphate from 760BCE to 1258BCE. For the purposes of this paper I will split gender segregation into two main forms: physical segregation which includes institutions like the harem,…

The Fatimid caliphs-imams developed the daʿwa into a highly organized system and disciplined school, in which the term dāʿī also referred to a specific rank in the Fatimid religious hierarchy. However, prior to the Fatimid caliphate, the term dāʿī was equally applicable to those who summoned people towards the Ismaili imams of the time. The ʿAbbāsids also used the term daʿwa and dāʿī during the Umayyad period, although they never developed a daʿwa system in the same way as the Fatimid…

The Ottoman Empire, was an empire created by some Turkish Tribes at the end of the 13th Century, in the North-Western Anatolia. The Ottomans were known as warriors for the faith of Islam, who were inspired and sustained by Islam and Islamic Institutions. The Ottomans most successful period was between the 16th and 17th centuries. During this period, the Ottoman Empire expanded out over three continents. This covers what we know today as Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia,…

culture was centred on the palace. Ottoman imperial ideology could be summarised ‘as being control over military, economic, political and ideological resources’ . The role of the palace in the Ottoman world was to consolidate each of these sources in one place in order for the Sultan to successfully control them. Inalcik talks of the importance of the location of the Topkapi Saray: it was in the heart of the newly conquered empire. He compares the ottoman notion of the city being the embodiment…

Bayat, Asef. "Individual Efforts Can Help Arab Women Gain Gender Equality." Voting Rights. Ed. Tom Lansford. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "A Women 's Non-Movement: What It Means to Be a Woman Activist in an Islamic State." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 27 (2007): 160-172. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 10 Mar. 2016 In Asef Bayet’s Article “Women Gain Gender Equality,” it is clearly mentioned that “Islamic gender apartheid…

Light is considered a key concept in Islamic culture, therefore, in Islamic art; a special place has been dedicated to it (Mahdavinejad, 2003: p. 30). Study the main sources in the field of Islamic Architecture of Iran, especially the available resources in the field of Iranian Islamic identity, in its general sense emphasize on the concepts, that light is one of the most important (Mahdavinejad et al., 2011). Light as a factor that makes the act of perception, has a central role in the visual…

authority"(Quran 3:151). If a reasonable person were to read this, they would realize how Islam’s holy scripture speaks of terrorizing the nonbelievers.This shows where the violent nature of Islam, and how there is a direct correlation to terrorism. If Islam is such a peaceful religion, why would a peaceful religion terrorize those against Allah? The current state of the middle east is the best possible example of radical Islam at its finest. Palestinians and Israelis have been fighting since…

The Bargain Mart in “A Map of the City” eventually closes because of financial difficulties, and its closing makes a profound personal impact on Miriam’s father’s sense of belonging, and he is physically displaced from his family. As a consequence of the store closing, the family is forced to move out their house into an apartment (Thien 328). Miriam’s father feels like a failure, he is said to feel “only despair” at this change (Thien 328). Miriam’s father is suggested to feel like he cannot do…