Umkhonto we Sizwe

other cities in South Africa and organizing protests against apartheid policies. Also in 1952, Mandela and Oliver Tambo (1917-1993) opened South Africa’s first black law firm, which provided free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation.3 In 1956, Mandela along with 155 other activists arrested for treason. All of them were found not guilty in 1961. The following year, police killed 69 people at a protest in Sharpeville, South Africa. After having to disguise himself to avoid persecution, Mandela decided to plan a more radical approach instead of his passive approach in the past. 3 By 1960, resistance against the apartheid grew in fierce aggression which gave birth to the Anti- Apartheid Movement and Umkhonto we Sizwe (“Spear of the Nation”) also known as MK, led by Mandela. Many of MK activists engaged in arranged warfare against the government. 3 His many efforts led him to be imprisoned by the government. Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years and released by the new elected President F. W. de Klerk (1936- ). De Klerk also lifted the ban on the African National Congress and called for a nonracist South Africa which broke the traditions of his party. 3 On February 11, 1990, he ordered Mandela’s release. After Mandela was released, he led the ANC to make negotiations with the National Party and other South African political organizations to end the apartheid. Although this approach caused more tension, Mandela earned support and the Nobel Peace…

Steps to Freedom Nelson Mandela once said, “There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again until we reach the mountain tops of our desires.” (BrainyQuote) Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, Nelson Mandela, in his speech, “I Am Prepared to Die,” justifies the wrongful accusations he faced during his law-breaking years to create a racialism free country. Mandela’s purpose is to protect…

Right after the end of his studies as an attorney, he has been involved with the struggle for freedom. To achieve this goal, lots of steps had to be taken, and they were not always successful.He has been an ANC member since the early 1940s, but it is really after the establishment of apartheid that he became more implicated in the struggle. Indeed, in 1949, he participated in massive boycotts and strikes to fight for the freedom. All those actions were non-violent, peace being one of the most…

This involved the development of the "M-Plan" in 1953, which was the "African National Congress 's blueprint for its underground branches" (Miller 28). This made communication between those working with Mandela much easier and faster. If a member was in trouble, they would alert the others who were a part of the plan and be able to help them. He turned towards violence and created "Umkhonto we sizwe" in 1961, which was a "campaign of sabotage against the government and economic installations…

African Apartheid is a benchmark case for justified violence. During Mandela’s beginning years with the African National Congress, non-violence was endorsed by Mandela between 1940 and 1950. However, in 1960, the Sharpeville Massacre occurred shifting Mandela’s position (McKay, et al., 2009, pp. 265-67). The Military Wing of the African National Congress; Umkhonto We Size (Spear of the People) was created, and the wing soon began sabotaging facilities tied to the South African government.…

Rolihlahla Mandela was born to Henry Gadla Mpakhanyiswa and Nonqaphi Nosekeni on 18th of July in 1918. The name Nelson was given to him by his teacher when he was studying at a local Methodist school (Valley, 2013). His father was the head councillor to the king and his mother was the third wife out of the four wives that his father had (Limb, 2008). He had three biological sisters. In 1928, his father died and Mandela was place under the guardian of Jongintaba Dalindyebo, who was the Thembu…

prominent figures such as Olusegun Obesanjo, were ideologically committed to the idea of African Renaissance. The notion behind African Renaissance is that people of African states and of African descent can defeat the current problems on the continent and succeed in achieving, “cultural, scientific and economic renewal.” The Department of Social Affairs (2013: 2) Another important publication by Thabo Mbeki can be found in one of the most important speeches he gave – “I am an African,” on the…

The first scene of the film is narrated by Abdul-Rahman, an African prince. The first scene of the movie takes place in 1788 in Futa Jallon, of West Africa. Prince Abdul describes his lineage and gives the audience a sense of his royal obligations, such as overseeing two-thousand men to be sent to the sea. After defeating his opponents, Prince Abdul returned home to announce the news. While the prince was traveling home to his father, he was ambushed by kidnappers. According to Prince Abdul, the…

Brief Demographic profile: Desmond Tutu. Desmond Mpilo Tutu (aged 84) is a well known male South African activist and spiritual leader who was extremely influential in his efforts to solve the issue of Apartheid, which ultimately brought him worldwide fame. Born in Klerksdorp on 7 October 1931 to parents Zachariah, a teacher and Aletta, a domestic servant, Desmond decided his chosen profession would be teaching (Thefamouspeople.com, 2015). He moved with his family to Johannesburg when he was…

Michael Obi the new, enthusiastic and wholehearted headmaster of a disadvantaged school. The Mission authorities selected him for the job as they wanted a "young and energetic man" to administer it. Michael was married to a woman named Nancy she is slightly egotistical but is always kind and considerate towards him, “We shall do our best”(188) the wife was always looking up to the modern ways, “We shall have such beautiful gardens and everything will be just modern and delightful….” (188). She…