Umayyad Caliphate

necessity of reserving the oral literature and engraving it in solid matter -in an official manner too- due to the vast populations of people entering Islam or under Islamic rule from all different social and religious backgrounds in the expanded Muslim Caliphate , in order to ensure the reservation of the true writings of the Quran and that the way people comprehended it and understood it was sound. Thereupon there were many consequences to this great contribution by Uthman.” (The Qur 'an) was…

The architects of the Dome of the Rock deliberately designed the space with the intention of portraying a message both to the followers of the Islamic faith and to the other prominent religions in the area. The Dome of the Rock is one of the earliest and elaborate major construction projects of the Islamic rulers. The reason for the Dome of the Rock’s creation can be seen through the thoughtful choices made for its location, the structural design, and the inscriptions and mosaics within the…

Abd Allah B. Buluggin memoir the Tibyan gives a historical account of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule. During the Islamic era considerable amount of text produced about the land and history was destroyed or lost. Therefore making the Tibyan one of the best account of history of that era, it covers the history following the Ibn Hayyan’s era, events and developments from the 5th/11th century, in addition it gives perspectives of a Taifa prince and a Berber prince. Nonetheless, the Tibyan…

For example, in the late sixth century, the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Turkish tribes revived several long-distance trade routes through southeast and central Asia, which spread Islamic beliefs and values to different cultural regions. “…the Umayyad caliphs brought north Africa and the Middle east into an ever-large network of long-distance commercial relationships” (Bentley 90). In addition, similarly to Buddhism, these Silk Road trading routes provided towns perfect for mosques that…

1. A multitude of technologies sprung up to help the growth of trade and agriculture. One is the compass created by China. The compass allowed sea traders to more accurately figure out which direction their ship was sailing and improved trade in the long run because traders could get to their destinations quicker as well as return home quicker. Another technology that promoted growth of trade were ships that could sail against the wind like lateens. This allowed trade in southern Asia to…

Muhammad's father died during Muhammad's birth, around 570 C.E in Makkah, and he was sent away from his widowed mother who soon died after. This led to him becoming an orphan. His grandfather cared for him but after his death, he was in the care of his uncle, who was a merchant and the new leader of his family's poor clan. Muhammad started to accompany his uncle on trading journeys when he was 12 which led to him becoming a trader himself. Muhammad began managing caravans for a woman named…

Ibn Hisham’s recount of, The Breaking of the Truce and the Taking of Mecca, cannot be thoroughly comprehended without regarding aspects such as the time period when it was written, and under which caliphate it was written in. Although Hisham claims many truths within his writing it is not precise considering the time period it was written in. After the death of the prophet Muhammad, historian like Ibn Hisham focused his writing on stories about the prophet’s life that specifically focused on his…

century The Declining Position of Women in the Family and Society - Harem and veil, women kept in seclusion. The Impact of the Christian Crusades The Abbasid dynasty had began to lose control over the small Muslim empire that had been won from the Umayyads a century earlier. From North Africa to Persia, rebellious governors and new dynasties arose to challenge the Abbasid caliphs claims to be the…

1. What new technologies enabled the growth of interregional trade networks and agricultural developments? In this time period people made different technologies for different uses. Three things that are very useful are the compass, caravan, and the plow. The compass was more useful for trading. It was used to tell basic location using North, South, East, and West. It made getting to a location for trade much easier. The caravan could’ve been used for both trade and agriculture. It made…

point out two things on the result of his studies such as the shifted of political power from Caliphate to Kingship and the dying away of the spirit of ijtihad and impact domination of rigid conformity (taqlid) on the mind. Also Shah Waliyullah had explained clearly in Izalah the first source of evil in Izalah as stated above. Another part in Izalah he writes: “Until the end of the Kingdom of Syria (Umayyad rule) none called himself a Hanafi or a Shafii but all deduced the Shariah injunctions…