Sarcomere

unblocking the binding sites for myosin which tightly binds to the newly uncovered binding sites on the thin filament. Using ATP-hydrolysis the myosin head pulls the Z-lines of the actin filament towards each other leading to a shortening of the sarcomeres and the I-band, and the cardiomyocyte contracts (6) (7) (8). Several mechanisms allow a removal of Ca²+ from the cytosol for muscle relaxation including active Ca²+ uptake into the sarcoplasmatic reticulum via the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum…

Ms. Barth presents in a hyper-adrenergic state that causes acute pulmonary hypertension. Consequently, this causes pulmonary edema due to an increased hyperstatic pressure. Globally, she has systemic hypertension a result of vascular spasms and increased heart rate. Symptomatically she feels hot, sweaty, and anxious due to vasoconstriction (increasing heat retention) stimulation of sweat glands, and increased norepinephrine. The cardiovascular system is dynamic and always changing to regulate…

The results from the first experiment confirmed the hypothesis, to a certain extent, in that increasing stimulus strength will increase the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle and visa versa till 0.2V, where the force germinated starts to decrease. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2, the strength of the stimulus started from 0.00 V to 1.00V with 0.05 V and 0.10V intervals. At 0.10V the force generated by the muscle increases rapidly from 0mN to 288.33mN. The force generated by the muscle…

such as aortic stenosis or systemic hypertension (Bing, Knott et al. 2000). It is estimated that approximately one in 500-1000 population. HCM is a complex genetic inherited cardiovascular disease caused by dominate mutation in coding of cardiac sarcomere proteins gene (Maron, Maron et al. 2012). The potential clinical outcomes of the disease are significantly heterogeneous including heart failure at young age and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in absence of any alarming symptoms (Semsarian, Ingles…

Abstract: Musculoskeletal dysfunctions such as osteoarthritis and low back pain are commonly seen among transfemoral amputees (TFAs), and are considered as secondary disabilities among amputees. The amputation surgery changes the biomechanics of transfemoral amputees abruptly. It is not unusual that the gait deviation in TFAs is commonly observed and the primary cause is muscle weakness. The amputation leads to the loss of muscle distal insertion sites and the change of muscle’s moment arm, thus…

Hands shoulder-width apart. Back arched. Eyes level with the bar. Shoulder blades touching. The weight plummets as I struggle to manage the load. Just as the bar hovers over my chest, muscles fire like a well-rehearsed symphony across my upper body, providing the force necessary to wrestle with gravity. The tides turn as the weight retires back to its stand while I let out an unearthly grunt fueled by adrenaline and euphoria. As I collapse on the ground, gasping and heaving, my lungs take in the…

Tessa Jones Professor Pericone M.S. Human Anatomy & Physiology I – BIOL 130-03 20 November 2017 The Stiff Truth About Rigor Mortis Growing up, I have always been intrigued by murder mysteries. My favorite shows consisted of Criminal Minds, CSI, and NCIS. From watching these shows episode after episode, I have become familiarized with the term “Rigor Mortis”. Rigor Mortis is referred to as the third stage of death, where the muscles in the body contract leaving the body “stiff” for a period of…

Strength training is a common practice for all athletes. However, athletes are starting to pick up this practice at a younger and younger age. Strength training is a part of every sport now days. It does not matter if it is soccer; football or basketball strength training is a widely used activity to improve athletic performance. When athletes are introduced to strength training they must be taught the proper movements. These movements will allow for maximum potential to be untapped and maximum…

troponin, which exposes the myosin-binding site. The myosin heads latch on to the actin exposing active binding site, which form cross bridges. This is a series of events during which the myosin heads pull thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere, resulting in the sliding of myofilaments (Marieb/Hoehn, 2014). This continues as long as ATP is available, as well as, sodium is bound to troponin, in result leaving the muscle cells un-relaxed. Each contraction becomes stronger until the…

Unfavorable has a negative connotation, it conjures up thoughts of ‘bad” and “non-useful” processes, however as we have learned through the case studies of muscle contraction and photosynthesis, this is simply a misconception. For in the natural world a favorable or unfavorable reaction is not a single entity but is rather part of a coupled reaction that uses the two in tandem to continue the function of essential processes. This being said, and connotation aside, an unfavorable reaction is one…