Sarcomere

Concerning nanotechnological consumer products, the most rapidly growing is the use of nanoparticles (NPs).(47) So far the knowledge regarding the safety aspects of NPs is still in its initial phase and greater efforts is needed to understand the interaction of NPs with the human body. (48) Several studies have reported that NPs always showed more serious toxicity than bulks and suggested that their size and the dose were the key factors influencing NPs toxic effects.(49) Despite of this, large…

What is it? Cardiomyopathy is a term to describe a disease that affects the muscles of the heart. Cardiomyopathy occurs when the muscles of the heart become stiff and enlarged and it makes it difficult for the heart to pump blood. In response, it may cause heart failure and the weakened heart will be able to pump blood causing blood to flow inadequately into the lungs and other areas of the body. There are three main type of cardiomyopathy, which are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic…

Study of the brain is significant in gaining insights on its structural and functional design and mechanisms which help explain the cause of various existing neurological and psychiatric diseases (Kotter, 2001). Consequently, the histological study of the nervous system and its components which underlies the understanding of the brain forms the basis and foundation of neuroscientific research (Annese, 2012). Important components of the nervous system include the spinal cord which consists of…

Due to a preference of a dominant limb over a non-dominant limb, motor units become exposed to unequal conditions that demand different amounts of strength and fatigue resistance. Research led by Adam, De Luca, and Erim (1998) suggests that this manual asymmetry was shown to alter the physiological and mechanical properties of muscle. The dominant hand’s motor units had a lower average firing rate and lower recruitment threshold that coincides to the dominant hand having a higher percentage of…

Heart failure is when the heart is too weak to pump blood efficiently, and cannot provide proper cardiac output that the body needs to maintain the body’s metabolic needs. Also, heart failure is when the heart muscle has become damaged and cannot contract and pump blood up and through the valves and out through both sides of the heart or the heart muscle has become too stiff. This process mainly relates to the heart muscles of the ventricle chambers. The ventricles are the main problem within…

Acute and Chronic Effects of Stretching on Strength Dependent Performance Training programs for athletes often include both strength and flexibility exercises. Increasing strength is believed to increase athletic performance, while a minimal degree of flexibility, which varies between sports, is fundamental for optimal performance. Additionally, many authors and clinicians advise that stretching beyond this minimal needed flexibility prior to the main physical activity will reduce the risk of…