Positivism

business and management research, it is significant to consider or philosophical position because it gives effects on the way the researcher conducted the research (Saunders & Lewis, 2012). There are four main strands of research philosophy including positivism, realism, interpretivism (constructivism) and pragmatism (Saunders & Lewis, 2012). The positivist paradigms observe behaviours the sample and measure variables by using data analysis in certain controllable conditions and then describe…

not chaos,and why once people had their mind set to something why they would follow through. He wanted to know what would cause someone to change course. He wanted to apply the scientific method to today’s social world; this method is known as positivism. Herbert Spencer who some believed to be the co founder of sociology,;was a major intellectual figure in the Victorian era. He was a proponent of the evolutionary theory titled survival of the fittest. Spencer…

Introduction Legal formalism is a belief, in the capacity of legal rules, to determine the outcomes to legal disputes without having recourse to the judge’s political beliefs or sense of fairness. Formalism posits that judicial interpreters can and should be tightly constrained by the objectively determinable meaning of a statute; if unelected judges exercise much discretion in these cases, democratic governance is threatened. Legal-formalist have been severely criticised by, among others,…

aim of the book is to present an alternative to the Humean theory of causal laws which is a theory central to the Positivist idea of science. In his attempt to prescribe an alternative to positivism he discusses to a great extent the theory of causality as he regards it to be a fundamental aspect of positivism. He refutes the theory of causality relying greatly on distinguishing between causal laws and pattern of events. He argues that the limitation of the Humean concept of laws is that in this…

professionals (Maxfield, 1996), outlining the psychological impressionability of a young mind. Generally, twin studies (Jaffee et al., 2002) (Forsman and Långström, 2012) have found weak links between twin genetics and violence. As such, theories of positivism have trouble explaining environmental factors that may account for reasons of twin violent offending, in which a violent household atmosphere affects a child, regardless of a twin, more than a genetic predisposition. Although young people…

Neil Boyd says that “ Law is a vitally important force. It is the skeleton that structures our economic, social, and political lives” (Boyd 5). Understanding different perspectives of sound philosophy, such as natural law, positivism, legal pragmatism, and feminism will help us with answers certain questions” Is the natural law dead, according to Roger Cotterrell? Alternatively, Whether Hatfield provides the compelling causes, if he rejects Cottrell’s argument on natural law? As well,…

A notable number of modern thinkers specifically reprimanded the "human-centric" perspective that people are extraordinary, moreover, made in the image of God. In the nineteenth and mid twentieth century the popular German Darwinist Ernst Haeckel, for instance, impacted Christianity by advancing an "anthropocentric" and dualistic perspective of humanity. Today the acclaimed bioethicist Peter Singer, alongside the agnostic Darwinian scientist Richard Dawkins, contend that, in view of the…

Interpretivism and Postivism Phenomenography is part of the philosophical difference between interpretivism and positivism. Positivism proposes that reality is objective and subject to a set of laws that can be revealed through research. For the positivist, ‘the world is made up of observable facts’ (Glesne, 2006, pp. 4-5). Phenomenography challenges this belief in an ultimate truth. Rather, reality is viewed as process of interpretation, and it is through experience and interpretation that an…

Infections acquired during hospitalisation are common, costly, and associated with significant morbidity. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United Kingdom, accounting for about 40% of all nosocomial infections. Most hospital-acquired UTIs emanates from the use of a urinary catheter, a widely used device among hospitalised patients. UTIs can be prevented by using indwelling catheters only when necessary, introducing reminder systems to get…

employs doctrines distinct from other branches of philosophy. Lastly, analytic philosophy is concerned with different problems than other branches of philosophy. 5. Compare and contrast the logical positivist to the natural language theorist. Logical positivism argues that all meaningful propositions are either analytic, able to be verified or is to be determined by an experiment and observation. Natural Language philosophy approaches traditional philosophical problems as being rooted in…