Magma

surprise, including over 250 hikers at the resorts and shrines on the peak. In contrast recently everyone around the globe was able to track the eruption by Iceland’s Bardarbunga due to a web of advanced technology, allowing them to even track where the magma was underground. Japan has a very similar array but was unable to predict Ontake’s eruption. This is due to the fact that it was what is called a phreatic eruption, or a shallow steam explosion, which is near impossible to predict (Oskin,…

is possible to date some rocks by the potassium-calcium method, but this is not often done because it is hard to determine how much calcium was initially present (Wiens, 2002). Argon, on the other hand, is a gas. Whenever rock is melted to become magma or lava, the argon tends to escape (Wiens, 2002). Once the molten material hardens, it begins to trap the new argon produced since the…

Daphnias affected Heart Rate This lab experiment was conducted on Daphnias to test the chemical effects on its heart rate. In this experiment we determined the effects of caffeine and alcohol on the small organism. If the Daphnia is submerged in alcohol the heart rate will slow down, as if it’s submerged in caffeine it will speed up. The experiment measured how the stimulant caffeine or alcohol affected the Daphnia. The objective was to see how alcohol and caffeine would affect the…

Sixty-five million years ago, dinosaurs like the tyrannosaurus rex and the triceratops once roamed the Earth. Suddenly all these great creatures disappeared and it’s not quite sure how they vanished from existence. There are several theories to explain what is known to be the most popular mass extinction of all time. Asteroid The belief that an asteroid struck the planet earth is the most common and most believed theory. This theory has more evidence to back it up than just a giant rock…

appearing everywhere can strike fear in people’s hearts. Perhaps twenty volcanoes are erupting right now while you are reading this! In like matter, there are going to be an estimated 50-70 volcanoes erupt each year! Never mind the ‘plumbing system’ of magma under our feet! According to Tom Simkin and Lee Siebert, Smithsonian Institution and Global Volcanism Program, a ‘volcanic field’ in the manner that Mexico’s Michoacán-Guanajuato field [comprising nearly 1,400 cinder cones (volcanoes made by…

Vesivius, 2014) 3 miles below the volcano is called the magma chamber. It is a lake of molten rock. Chemical reactions cause crystals to form that then fall to the bottom of the magma chamber. Heat from the earth’s internal will then cause a chain reaction that can’t be stopped. It then has to release it’s built up pressure by finding ways to break through the weakest layer of the earth. This is what ends of being earthquakes or tremors. When the magma reaches the surface the temperature drops.…

skip the middle man, let Earth do the heating, and simply reap the benefits. Below the surface of Earth is a layer of rock so hot that it has been liquified; in some areas a more common liquid, water, seeps into the crust and is then heated by the magma flowing below the surface. The water is quickly heated and the steam shoots back out of the crust in the form of geysers in…

The formation of igneous rocks over time can accumulate to create mountain structures. As the magma piles up and cools structures gain matter, mass, and elevation. Over a long time this would create a mountain. This could happen at a relatively new volcano or at an ocean rift. A mountain building episode, can occur when two continental crusts collide…

a caldera, in the center of the mountain, a remnant that remains in July 2011. Effects Mount Tambora's historic eruption in 1815 had global effects. Not only were the earthquakes ignited by the explosion felt up to 300 miles away, but the ash and magma, or volcanic rock, produced covered more than 30 cubic miles. The ash ejected by Mount Tambora's eruption reduced the amount of sunlight that reached Earth's surface and is credited with causing the global cooling effect that led to the "year…

Mount Vesuvius – Italy Hypothesis: The impact of active volcanoes overlooking settlements pose as huge threats. With eruptions of volcanoes comes mud, ash and rocks leading to settlements being buried under the debris. Volcanoes also lead to lava flows and ash-and-gas explosions which damage and destroy many settlements/towns around the volcano. In worst case scenarios, eruptions of volcanoes lead to death of people and wildlife. Therefore we can deduct that a volcano is a geographical problem…