Magma

very harsh conditions. Hydrothermal vents are most commonly found along mid-oceanic ridges, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Galápagos Rift. Seawater seeping deep into the Earth’s crust through fissures and cracks in the seafloor is heated by magma beneath the surface, causing the water to boil and rise back up to the surface. As it rises, the water dissolves and…

Valley is placed on the Indo-Australian crustal plate is the Gold Coast Hinterland which moves 7cm north each year. About 23-24 million years ago the Gold Coast Hinterland was over a hotspot which is a weakness in the Earth’s crust that forces basaltic magma to the surface and erupts to form expansive volcanoes. On top of that, Rhyolite, Basalt and Pyroclastic rock were formed and through later eruptions, and acidic Rhyolite was laid down to form the cliffs of Springbrook plateau. 10 million…

Heat Study Fragile peonies grow from newfound subdermal magma. The gentlest wind rustles the petals into a swarm, rendering mirrors useless. This heart is a frog, and God invented both boiling and proverbs. But what blame can be assigned for creation, for states of matter? No, one cannot hate God for trying to erase the pain of existence. But Psalm 23 has no effect on me because yea, as I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I know that He created the valley, and, in His sovereign ty,…

Wednesday Journal: Today, we spent our time at the Audubon Center of the Northwoods in Sandstone, Minnesota. The weather was sunny with splashes of clouds and it felt especially humid. The first part of the day was spent contrasting the prairies we observed yesterday at Sherburne Wildlife Refuge with the newly restored prairie at Audubon. Historically, the new prairie was an old agricultural field; the team removed the old plants, sprayed to remove the plants, burned off the older vegetation…

These amazing beautiful towers of volcanoes on the ocean floor vary in every way which only makes them more mysterious and fascinating. The first discovery of a hydrothermal vent was aboard a 3-person submersible named Alvin in 1977 at the Galapagos Rift (WHOI, 2004). This vent was a discovery of warm fluids mixing with cold ocean water rising from the ocean floor crust (WHOI, 2004). “In 1979, a second hydrothermal system was discovered along the East Pacific Rise” (WHOI,2004). This discovery…

I live in Ocean View (The Big Island), Hawaii. According to an article, due to Hawaii’s location in relation to the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean and it’s volcanoes, Hawaii is at great risk of tsunamis and earthquakes. As previously stated, Hawaii has volcanoes; most notably, Kilauea. Kilauea is an active volcano that could cause serious property damage and could be harmful to life. In accordance with a Hawaiian travel guide, Hawaii records about one tsunami per year and a damaging tsunami…

The plate tectonic theory says that there are plates covering the outer layer of the Earth and that they have been moving around as time goes on. It says that the Earth was once made up of a supercontinent, called Pangea, and as time went on the plates started to shift and eventually became what they are today. Several different scientists over a course of over 20 years have used each other’s work and pushed our scientific knowledge to develop the theory and give us our four different boundaries…

they should be held accountable for future damages. Earth 's inner core is as hot as the sun and can be very damaging from underneath us rather than the pollution happening above. National Geographic states that magma is “molten, or partially melted, rock beneath the Earth 's surface.” Magma underneath the surface can cause as much melting of the ice caps as the damage of the ozone and sun creeping in…

Grand Canyon “Beautiful doesn't begin to describe it. A flower is beautiful. But this is beautiful the way that a person is beautiful- terrifying with its jagged edges, yet seductive with its crevices that hide so many secrets.” (Jeri Smith-Ready, Requiem for the Devil) This quote explains how beautiful the Grand Canyon is perfectly I think. Let’s look past how breath taking the Grand Canyon is for a moment and dig deeper in how it really became to be interesting landform it is now. So let us…

What is the origin of life? This inquisition has baffled scientists and researchers since the beginning of time. While each new discovery gives a small notion for where and how life on Earth began, the newest clue is the discovery of hydrothermal vents. These vents are deeply immersed in the oceans that harbour rich ecosystems, the energy source from mid-ocean-ridge volcanism. Additionally the vents can reach high temperatures up to 407C (Sander, 2011). and can reach temperatures up to 121°C…