Ischemia

output, blood pressure, and heart rate. The suggested dose is 2-20 mcg/kg/min IV or IO, and it can be titrated to desired effect but should not to exceed 40 mcg/kg/min because high dose may cause an increase in heart rate, exacerbating myocardial ischemia. Duration of onset is 1-10minutes which is longer than dopamine while duration of action is 10min which take longer time compared to dopamine. It needs up to 15munites to peak. Volume of distribution for dobutamine is 0.2 L/kg. Dobutamine…

Researchers experiment with brain cells to understand the different pathways. As the follow experiment where researchers put glutamate in a culture where there were neurons and astrocytes. After a glucose use by cells, they saw an inhibition of the glucose transport into the neurons and this inhibition was stronger with add of lactate in the culture. This experiment show us that glutamate inhibited glucose transport into the neurons and in consequence inhibited glycolysis, and this is why it…

common to have nerve damage. Failure to properly maintain pelvic blood flow during aneurysm repair may lead to a variety of problems, including postoperative sexual dysfunction, troublesome hip and buttock claudication, or, more significantly, colon ischemia or infarction and…

G are flexor digitorium longus, flexor halluces longus, and tibialis anterior muscles, soleus, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius. The structure data are numbness, chilling of the limb, pain, even when at rest. This signifies ischemia (shortage of oxygen, nutrients) needed for tissues to be alive. Per Alfred (2012) these may affect future care by necessitating amputation or debridement of devitalized tissue to prevent the spread of the infection to the rest of the body. During…

Aneurysms of the foot arteries are rare. A case of a true dorsalis pedis artery aneurysm in a 69 years old man with no history of local trauma is presented. Arterial duplex scan findings, intraoperative features, operative procedure and literature review are presented and discussed. Dorsalis pedis artery aneurysms (DPAA), though uncommon, are well recognized and the first clinical presentation is ought to Cuff in 1907, who described a spontaneous aneurysm on the dorsum of the foot of a 53 year…

Therapy for patients with critical limb Ischemia The primary goals of treatment in patients with CLI are relieving ischemic pain, healing ulcers, preventing limb loss, improving patient function, quality of life and prolong overall survival. Prompt surgical or endovascular revascularization or a combination of techniques, is currently recommended as the optimal therapy for limb salvage in CLI [4-6]. The present article will focus on available evidence supporting medical interventions aimed at…

and pallor or coolness in legs are symptoms. Comparatively, occlusion in the neck or vertebral arteries can lead to a lack of motor control, confusion, headache, vertigo, vision disturbances and other neurological dysfunction. Consequentially, this ischemia can cause skin ulceration, gangrene (tissue death), and limb loss in extreme cases. PAD is usually diagnosed with x-rays and ultrasounds. X-ray examination of the arteries (arteriography) is useful in determining the…

turkey, bovine and sheep. Animal models for hypertrophy are rat{ aortic constriction, pulmonary artery constriction, hypertension (renal ischemia, DOCA, Dahl salt sensitive, spontaneous hypertension rats) arteriovenous fistula, hyperthyroidism, hypoxia, catecholamines and exercise}, rabbit, dog, pig, cat, hamster, ferret, sheep, baboon, guinea pig, mouse (renal ischemia, exercise, aortic constriction) and transgenic (gene over-expression, gene mutation and knock out gene) animals. Consideration…

Venomous animals such as scorpions, snakes and sea anemones secrete bio-toxins which are vital in the regulation of ion channel activity. Envenomations induced by these animals cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild cases such as local edema to severe ones such as intravascular hemolysis. In particular, marine snail, Conus geographus toxins such as μ–conotoxins GIIIA, GIIIB, and GIIIC affect the Nav channels. These toxins block current flow thereby reducing membrane…

Intussusception is an important cause of acute abdomen in the pediatric emergency department. Children between the age group 6 months to 3 years of age present with recent onset of pain abdomen and vomiting (1). Intussusception was considered adverse prognosis previously with fatal outcomes in the past. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment has lead to better management in the present time (2). In this article, we review the role of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of intussusception and its…