Venomous animals such as scorpions, snakes and sea anemones secrete bio-toxins which are vital in the regulation of ion channel activity. Envenomations induced by these animals cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild cases such as local edema to severe ones such as intravascular hemolysis. In particular, marine snail, Conus geographus toxins such as μ–conotoxins GIIIA, GIIIB, and GIIIC affect the Nav channels. These toxins block current flow thereby reducing membrane potential, as a result, also inhibits neurotransmitter release. The pathophysiological effects associated with these toxins include diarrhea, vomiting, paralysis, dyspnea, convulsions, hypotention, respiratory failure and finally death [1] …………………
Centipedes are excellent predatory arthropods. The symptoms caused vary according to person and bite intensity. Pain and edema take a maximum of one week to subside, however, some bites take as long as three weeks (2). Other symptoms include; localized pruritus, …show more content…
The toxin highly activates heat at body temperature by targeting TRPV1’s heat activation system. RhTx’s charge-rich C terminus directly interacts with the channel’s highly charged outer pore region’s helix and turret. (9) In consideration of the centipede bite symptoms, there is limited relevant information. In this study, we found that SsTx causes myocardial disorder and seizures by KNCQ channels’ inhibition. We examined the atomic interactions in SsTx-KCNQ channels’ complex using iteration whereby two SsTx key residues located in the positively charged domain, K13, hinders binding of toxin at the channels’ outer pore region and K12 which blocks ion flux by extending into the selectivity filter gate. Our results determine the mechanism of centipede bites for causing cardiac and neural
Centipedes are excellent predatory arthropods. The symptoms caused vary according to person and bite intensity. Pain and edema take a maximum of one week to subside, however, some bites take as long as three weeks (2). Other symptoms include; localized pruritus, …show more content…
The toxin highly activates heat at body temperature by targeting TRPV1’s heat activation system. RhTx’s charge-rich C terminus directly interacts with the channel’s highly charged outer pore region’s helix and turret. (9) In consideration of the centipede bite symptoms, there is limited relevant information. In this study, we found that SsTx causes myocardial disorder and seizures by KNCQ channels’ inhibition. We examined the atomic interactions in SsTx-KCNQ channels’ complex using iteration whereby two SsTx key residues located in the positively charged domain, K13, hinders binding of toxin at the channels’ outer pore region and K12 which blocks ion flux by extending into the selectivity filter gate. Our results determine the mechanism of centipede bites for causing cardiac and neural