Human gastrointestinal tract

Animals and humans have bacterial populations all over their body. However, the gastrointestinal microbiome is one of the most complex and dense populations studied (Todar, 2012). The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is comprised of about four million bacterial genes with more than 95% located in the large intestine (Galland, 2014). The gastrointestinal microbiota varies along the tract at longitudinal levels and horizontal levels due to particular bacteria attaching to the epithelium in the lumen (Todar, 2012). With DNA sequencing and metagenomic studies becoming increasingly popular, the concept of identifying bacterial colonies throughout the gastrointestinal tract is rising in interest (Marteau et al., 2001). Both the cecal and the fecal…

anti-inflammatory drug that is administered intravenously into the horse’s neck to help alleviate pain quickly. Banamine is another common drug that is used to help relax the muscles in the horse without making them drowsy. If medication is administered to a horse that is known to cause drowsiness, treatment for colic will become more difficult. Horses that are suffering from colic need to be as alert as possible for the veterinarian so that they can give an exact diagnosis. One form of…

foreign body is an object that gets stuck in the tube that connects your throat to your stomach (esophagus) or in another part of your digestive tract. Foreign bodies may be swallowed by accident or on purpose. When you swallow a foreign body, it passes into your esophagus. The narrowest point in your digestive system is the place where your esophagus meets your stomach. If the object can pass through that point, usually it will continue through the rest of your digestive system without causing…

one of the leading cancers in America. According to the Handbook of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer, there are plenty of cancers that arise from within the GI tract. One in particular is the “lymphoma” which is an infection in the immune system. In addition, according the Handbook of Gastrointestinal Cancer also states that the most common site of disease is the stomach accounting for 60-70% of cases, followed by the small bowel, duodenum, colon, and rectum. Nevertheless, the events that lead to…

The purpose of this academic paper is to explore the concept of prioritization from a nursing lens which will adequately incorporate the research presented from the final concept map. Using evidence-based literature, this paper will incorporate the information from the given case scenario and examine one priority pathophysiology, discuss the priority complication related to the chosen pathophysiology, and consider five priority nursing interventions specific to the chosen complication. Priority…

Cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder; generally the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection known as a urinary tract infection or a UTI. A bladder infection can cause many problems and can eventually spread to the kidneys causing severe pain depending on the severity of the bacterial infection. The most common bacteria that is responsible for cystitis is, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pyelonephritis is an example, cystitis and pyelonephritis share many similarities the difference…

for the costs of care for patients who develop a CAUTI during hospital stays (Kennedy et al., 2013). Unfortunately, there are approximately“One million catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) per year, associated with an additional cost of $676 per admission (or $2836 when complicated by bacteremia)” (Meddings et al., 2013, p.1). It is evident by the statistics presented, catheter-associated urinary tract infections remain a problem…

The carbohydrates present on the cells surface can act as a receptor for many pathogens to facilitate cell-cell adhesion through which humans can be infected, for example, mannose binds pathogenic bacteria E. coli and sialic acid binds influenza virus. Therefore, cell surface can be mimicked by preparing SAMs of carbohydrates to study and understand different types of binding and inhibition studies in vitro. SAMs of carbohydrates are also used for detecting disease biomarkers and carrying drugs.…

Urinary Tract Infections “About 50% of women and 12% of men will have a urinary tract infection (UTI) at some time in their lives” (Richards, 2008).UTIs are the second particular type of infection. The bladder contains urine that is sterile. The urinary system compromise of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The urinary system removes filtered liquid waste and urine. UTIs can occurs any area along the urinary tract. UTIs can be classified as lower and upper depending on the area of the…

regular exercise pattern and a well-balanced healthy diet. Denies change in sleep pattern or appetite changes. Upon asking about her sexual history Andrea mentioned about having sex before age 18, and also with multiple partners. Never smoked and no history of endometriosis, infertility, and chronic diseases like thyroid problems. Never had any medications such as fertility drugs, or thyroid medicine. Andrea is a G4P4 with full time pregnancies, no miscarriages, and or abortions. No history of…