Hostile media effect

The question “are media in the United States politically biased?” has persisted for many decades. Findings on different media effects, such as the hostile media phenomenon, have helped work toward an answer to this long-lasting question. The hostile media phenomenon (HMP) is “the tendency for people who are highly involved in an issue to see news coverage of that issue as biased, particularly as biased against their own point of view” (Choi, Yang & Chang, 2009) Research regarding the existence of the HMP in society rejects the idea of bias within the media and points toward biases within individuals. By interviewing two people possessing opposing political ideologies, one especially liberal and the other exceptionally conservative, this has…

Beattie, G., & Sale, L. (2012). Do metaphoric gestures influence how a message is perceived? The effects of metaphoric gesture-speech matches and mismatches on semantic communication and social judgment. Semiotica, 2012(192), 77-98. Retrieved from Communication and Mass Media Complete. Evidence in the study included in the article has demonstrated that people are not only sensitive to the information contained in concrete imagistic gesture, but furthermore, that they combine this gestural…

News “Media Buzz” article, Doggedness and Defiance: How Trump Won, by Howard Kurtz asserts that, “Trump's defiance enabled him to pull off a ‘miracle’” Hillary Rodham Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. The article summarizes some of the major scandals and events involving Donald J. Trump, during his 2016 presidential campaign. It then draws the conclusion that Trump’s defiance is what enabled him to overcome the odds and be elected president. The article uses evidence which conflicts…

other types of social media on the Internet. Likewise, trolling is becoming a concerned issue as social media plays an important role in this sophisticated society. While more people enjoy bullying or trolling anonymously on social media, there are controversies on online speech morality. Some people argue that online comments should not be controlled while some people urge to moderate those comments sections. Even…

According to the oxford dictionary of English, aggression can be defined as “feelings of anger or antipathy resulting in hostile or violent behavior.” There are two forms of aggression: hostile aggression and instrumental aggression. Hostile aggression is where the aim of the action is to harm an individual whereas instrumental aggression contains the aim to attain an alternative goal. There are several factors influencing aggression. These factors include childhood experiences, emotions such as…

Watching TV is one of the most popular hobbies in America. There are many different genres to watch everyday on television from romance to horror and comedy to action, there is something for everyone. During prime time television, the Parents Television Council logged 624 scenes of violence. Children under the age of 7 lack the ability to make the connection between a punishment and the crime that took place earlier in the show. Being exposed to violence can cause aggressive behavior in…

Aggression in early childhood is often a result of various complex factors such as media, exposure to violence at home, aggressive temperaments, insecure attachment and development issues. In contemporary society there is an immense increase in children’s exposure to aggressive behaviour through the media, television and video games, exposing children to a normalised perspective towards this violent behaviour. A growing number of researchers have revealed that violent video games increase…

is a Religious ideology that favors Russia and or Russian foreign policy over US foreign policy. Three, is any Neo-Confederate, white nationalist, white supremacist, or militia group. Four, is any DoD or military member highly active on Russian sponsored social media. It is noteworthy to point out that much of this increase in hostile Russian social media is now affiliated with the conservative Christian and Neo-Confederate social media, which happens to uptick upon the election and duration…

symbolism respects Native American individuals, underpins nostalgic emotions, and spares financing; and (2) Keeping this symbolism is hostile and debasing in light of the fact that it is honored to Native Americans and propagates negative stereotypes. Supporters contend these pictures are complimentary, not "harmful," and are not disrespectful to every single Native American. Individuals in resistance refer to research that demonstrates enduring negative…

In the article, “Repeated Exposure to Media Violence Is Associated with Diminished Response in an Inhibitory Frontolimbic Network” Hirsch, Grinband, and Kelly discuss the effects of violent media towards cortical functioning. The hypothesis tested was that showing short violent video clips would trigger an aggressive behavior compared to neutral clips. Hirsch and colleagues used functional magnetic resonance imaging to find the effects of being exposed to violent media. There were 14…