Histone

The detrimental health affects caused by smoking tobacco have long been known in our society. Tobacco smoke is composed of a complex, chemical mixture of roughly 60 known carcinogens (Alexandrov, et al., 2016). Smoking tobacco and exposure to other carcinogens increases human risk for cancer significantly by enhancing DNA mutation rates. Different carcinogens cause slightly different types of DNA damage in humans that eventually lead to cancer (Ehrenberg, 2016). These unique patterns of…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is named after the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne who first described the disease. It is one of nine types of muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration (Muscular Dystrophy Association). Muscle weakness appears in early childhood and progressively worsens; children with DMD are generally wheel-chair dependent by adolescence. Along with the DMD affecting the skeletal system, the cardiac muscles…

fats (e.g. gangliosides, sphingolipids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)2.In addition, nutrition can have a direct effect on gene expression in the brain. In a study conducted by Levi and Sanderson, they concluded that due to inadequate nutrition the histone acetylation was altered. Also, hyperglycemic diets affected the genetic expression of neuronal factors2. Additionally, nutrients can act as growth factors. For example retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A, is involved in central nervous…

Stanislaw Burzynski, MD, PhD, the founder of antineoplaston treatment and therapy, has claimed to have treated hundreds of cancer patients in America and Mexico. Antineoplastons are a group of naturally- occurring peptides formed in the body through blood and urine which control tumor growth, and have been proven as a means of an alternative treatment, in respect to the toxins in chemotherapy (Reismann, 3). More than almost forty years later, after the beginning of antineoplastons, published…

Mitochondrial Origin and Endosymbiosis Numerous biological processes depend on the generation and recycling of ATP to maintain homeostasis and carry out vital roles within a cell. Without mitochondria, the generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation would not occur. Cellular energy metabolism generates the most ATP within the mitochondria and during oxidative phosphorylation. Comparison of the different endosymbiosis theories, evolutionary time frames, mechanisms, and genetic testing can…

CRP was identified from patients with acute pneumococcal pneumonia at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Tillett and Francis, 1930), a name that reflects its reaction with the C-polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. This pentameric protein with MW 118 kDa has five non-covalently bonded and non-glycosylated identical subunits of 206 amino acids each to form a disk-shaped pentagon (Fig. 1). CRP has been proven as an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions as well as a…

The Effects of Technology on Biomedicine Dontae Weatherly CRN: Submitted [date and time] The Effects of Technology on Biomedicine INTRODUCTION Biomedicine is a branch of medical sciences that ties biology and clinical practice together. Biomedicine or medical biology is a major facet of modern health care and lab diagnostics. Biomedicine and biotechnology go hand in hand, with that being said, technology has a great impact on the advancement of biomedicine.…

Transcription is a process which information from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes…

As generations pass human culture has proven to evolve in many ways. From fads to phases society is ever changing. A key factor they all have in common is the way these changes continuously affect us. One topic in particular is physical appearance. Physical appearances play a major role in the way we perceive our bodies. We are continuously told that our best is never good enough. The media is heavily influencing individuals to always look their best; specifically targeting young women. While…

Kristin Fitzpatrick BI 456 Immunology Disease Term Paper 11/21/14 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options I. INTRODUCTION Lupus, Latin for “wolf,” originally referred to the erosive facial lesions that resembled a wound from a wolf’s bite. In the Middle Ages lupus was mainly described as a dermatologic condition. It was not until 1872 that lupus was considered a systemic disease that presented with subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, fever,…