Hippocampus

The glia cells are one of the most common cell types in the brain that play a very important role in the neuronal functioning. The glia cells can be divided in to three groups that differ in structure and function: microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Several studies showed that there is an involvement of the glia cells in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, but in this paper the focus lays on the microglia cells (10). The microglia act as the macrophages of the central…

Early visual experience is essential for the maturation of visual functions. For example, behavioral studies have demonstrated that visual acuity is low at the time of eye opening and visual experience is indispensable for its developmental improvement (Maurer et al., 1999; Prusky et al., 2000; Kang et al., 2013). Visual cortical neurons selectively respond with a higher rate of action potentials to particular features of visual stimuli (Hubel, 1982), which is considered to be a fundamental…

Even though many research findings have found that age-related changes do not differ too much between DPOAES and TEOAES, I would use DPOAEs to test the adult population because of other factors, such as comfort of presentation level, frequency specific information, and more manual control options for the examiner. First, DPOAEs are presented at a moderate intensity level (70dB) compared to TEOAEs which are presented at a higher presentation level (78-80dB). Furthermore, to check for test-rest…

The body and mind is constantly changing and responding to the environment it is in, experiencing highs and lows. As the body shifts from one state to another various chemicals and hormones are released into various systems as well as the blood stream. Not only do the events that take place in our lives effect the state our body is in but also drugs and medicine effect the chemical balance within the body. These chemicals and hormones alter the properties of the brain and thus have an effect on…

Molecular mechanisms such as synaptic transmission is essential to the process of learning, memory consolidation, and reconsolidation. When a significant event occurs, memories are learned and stored by consolidation. These memories can then be retrieved and returned. You could compare the process of consolidation and reconsolidation to a simple action, like taking milk out of the fridge for example. After returning from the store you place the milk in your fridge where it is unharmed and at a…

1. What is the definition of your disease? How does someone know if they have this disease? What are the typical signs or symptoms of your disease or disorder? Include a maximum of 6. What is the typical test used to diagnose someone with this disease? Briefly explain this test. What is the positive test for this disease? Turner Syndrome is a rather unusual chromosomal disorder affecting females which was uncovered by Dr. Henry Turner in 1938 (Saikia, Sarma, & Yadav, 2017). The only way to…

Now one in five people carries a smartphone; with the earth 's population being seven billion, that means one point four billion people carry a smartphone. It is as if the person carries a second limbic system with them at all times. The limbic system is a part of the temporal lobe that process memory. This second limbic system has come to replace the limbic one point o. If someone was to say the word memory those around him usually would assume the memory is meant to be related to something…

Susan, a 45-year-old woman, wife and mother of two has been having memory difficulties and impaired movement of the right side of her body. With no indication as to what caused these difficulties Susan may be experiencing problems with motivation, learning and different types of memory. The different types of memory Susan may be having difficulty with include long term memory (LTM), short term memory (STM) and working memory, all of which can have an impact on how therapy is conducted and how…

Recovered Memory Therapy(RMT) is a therapy in which memories of abuse had been forgotten, commonly about childhood sexual abuse, can later be recovered. The mind stores real events and recreates full memories later when the memories are recalled. It does not matter how memories are recalled, they still believe to be accurate. Certain techniques are used to recreate what appears to be memories, although they may be unrelated to the actual events from the past. False memory syndrome is a condition…

Chapter 6-How to improve long term memory What is long term memory and how it is important? Long term memory is known as the continuous process of storing conscious and unconscious information in your brain. The existence of long term memory can’t be proved physically but it can be in a scientific way. We are not aware of it when we are collecting information and adding it in our long term memory. The duration of how long this memory lasts can vary from a few days to decades. The creation of…