Guanine

SCENARIO Thiopurines are regarded as the first line of remission maintenance treatment in CD in a strategy known as accelerated step-up18-25. Thiopurines (azathioprine - AZA and 6-mercaptopurine-6-MP) are pre-drugs. AZA is activated by the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) enzyme, whose metabolite, 6-thioguanosine 5-monophosphatase (TGMP), after a series of reductions becomes dGS (deoxy-6-thioguanosine 5-triphosphatase), the final metabolite that, incorporated into DNA,…

DNA is usually located in the cell nucleus (nuclear DNA),however small amounts of DNA can be found in the mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The DNA has information stored as a code created by four chemical bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Each base is connected to a sugar molecule and phosphate molecule. All together it’s called a nucleotide. A nucleotides are set in two long strands creating a spiral effect called (double helix). The structure of that…

Huntington’s disease is a progressive and fatal type of dementia caused by dominant allele in chromosome 4. (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2016, 2013, 2010, p. 44) It is an autosomal-assertive, progressive neurodegenerative affliction with a definite phenotype, including chorea, lack of coordination, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral difficulties. (Perandones, Micheli, & Radrizzani, 2010, p. vii) Huntington’s disease was identified by George Huntington in 1872. Huntington Disease is also referred to…

Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in organisms resulting from modifications in gene expressions.The use of stem cells prove to be a vital part in the course of Epigenetics.Stem cells are characterized by two traits. They are self-renewal, able to divide into more identical cells and pluripotency, which allow the cells to become any kind of cell such as Erthrocyte or osteoclast.The relationship between epignetics and stem cells paved a pathway to an experiment relating to the…

Structure of DNA: The Double Helix Introduction: DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. It is a type of Nucleic Acid, which has deoxyribose sugar in it instead of ribose. DNA has a double helical structure. By double helix, the meaning is two strands of polynucleotide running parallel and coiled around each other through hydrogen bonding. DNA is hereditary material in all the living organisms on this planet. The basic mystery behind its heredity nature resides in the same double helical structure…

In this modern age of information gathering and retrieval, the thought of how and to the extent we can store information has always been an issue of paramount concern. For while libraries, hard drives, and floppy disks served their purpose in bygone times, the amount of information we have today, along with the prodigious rate it is still growing, have made them , while not necessarily obsolete, insufficient for the task. This is why the most promising method of storage in the current time is…

The DNA in living things is highly conserved. DNA has four bases that code for all differences in living things on Earth. Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine line up in a specific order and a group of three, or a codon, code for one of 20 amino acids found on Earth. The order of those amino acids determines what protein is made. Interestingly scientists have found that only four nitrogenous…

In today’s technology, we can safely assume that GMOs can be produced and engineered in many different ways. There’s a leading multimillionaire genetic company called, Monsanto. Monsanto is an engineering company designed to alter and change organisms in their labs. Like for example, Monsanto would take a seed of an organism and alter its DNA in the way farmers would like it. Monsanto alters DNA and then instead of always farming their own seeds, they sell their DNA altered seeds also known as…

DNA, it makes everyone special and unique. Throughout time, scientists have discovered many things about DNA. One such discovery the pairing of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine, but what about the structure? Watson and Crick are acknowledged the most for discovering and contributing the most to the structure of DNA in eighteen months; but what about Franklin? Though Watson and Crick are known for discovering DNA’s structure, Rosalind Franklin contributed the most to finding the structure of…

cell nucleus ( where it is called nuclear DNA) but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called Mitochondria DNA or mtDNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: Adenine (A), guanine (G), cystoine (C) and Thymine (T). Human DNA consist of about 3 billion bases and more then 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. the order ,or sequence, of these bases determines the information…