Gene expression

Adult height is a polygenetic trait, which means that it is controlled by more than one gene. It is easily measured and highly heritable (h2 ~0.75- 0.9) (Kim, et al., 2010). Final adult height is the result of growth and development processes and has limited contribution from environmental factors (Weedon, et al., 2008). As a result, loci influencing height are compared and contrasted from different races. Genome-wide association (GWA) is a method used to quickly scan markers across genomes…

inherited as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, as well as an X-linked trait. A small percentage of people with this disorder have a mutation in the gene that codes for the β-subunit of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE). To further understand the nature of this disease, we studied rd1 mice. These animals also have a mutation in the gene that codes for the β-subunit of PDE, leading to the degeneration of photoreceptors…

organelles in the cytoplasm, a cytoskeleton and chromosome structures similar to human chromosomes. Yeast cells also have larger genomes than most bacteria. Moreover, mechanism of gene expression in yeast resembles those in human cells. These features make yeast a very valuable model organism for studying chromosome structure, gene regulation, cell division and cell cycle…

D128N Mutation in GFAP gene As it has already been studied that mutation occur at various locations on the GFAP gene, it depends on the specific point where it occurs that could result in severe consequential neurodegeneration. The mutations on the GFAP gene has already contributed for about 96% of all the cases of Alexander’s. Various other side effects that could be seen with the onset of Alexzander’s disease are GFAP aggregation, astrocyte degradation, glial injury etc. This specific…

the epigenome remains flexible as environmental conditions continue to change. Epigenetic inheritance may allow an organism to continually adjust its gene expression to fit its environment - without changing its DNA code” (Epigenetics and Inheritance, 2016). In my opinion Epigenetics and Inheritance is an amazing genetic survivor ability gene that helps protect the genetic lifeline of the family’s DNA sequences for generations. I wonder if this process is part of the genetic link that help…

hypertension rats) arteriovenous fistula, hyperthyroidism, hypoxia, catecholamines and exercise}, rabbit, dog, pig, cat, hamster, ferret, sheep, baboon, guinea pig, mouse (renal ischemia, exercise, aortic constriction) and transgenic (gene over-expression, gene mutation and knock out gene) animals. Consideration of the use of animal model for heart failure and hypertrophy must depend on two factors: (1) association of disease with pain and discomfort to animal and (2) the results from animal…

The role of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Gene therapy in medicine. PCR was developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s. It is a method in which a single copy of DNA is amplified. Using this technique which has a specific sequences ,millions of copies of DNA can be produced. In this process, many other conditions including several enzymes and primers are involved. This application of PCR extent from research to the commercial sector. Denaturation:- The reaction mixture is heated up to…

This is important in determining physiological effects A stable transfection allows the plasmid to remain in the cell genome, in contrast to transient transfection where expression is limited due to eventual degradation. The plasmid integrates into the genome of the transfected cell, and becomes part of the cell line, passing on during replication8. Different reagents and other physical tools involving electrochemical changes…

embryo. This denoted a risk of mutations which L. Andersson refers to In Genome-wide association analysis in domestic animals, regarding white spotting due to varying combinations of mutations that ultimately affect MITF expression. MITF regulates melanocyte, and mutations of this gene are associated with severe pleiotropic effects targeting hearing and vision. However, Sunny’s alert behavior has shown no disabilities from MITF mutation. A small fraction of Shetland sheepdog accounts for the…

important input in individuals. By combining the studies of genetics and psychology it is possible to correlate results from the fields and search for possible, and hopefully specific, genes involved in the expression of certain traits. For instance, Poulin et al (2011) explored the relationship between receptor genes of oxytocin and vasopressin and prediction of prosocial behavior. In this particular study, Poulin et al (2011) intended to “examine whether oxytocin and vasopressin interact with…