Flaviviruses

States. According to CDC, cases reported between Jan 2015 to August 24 2016 include the following. • Locally acquired mosquito-borne cases reported: 29 • Travel-associated cases reported: 2,487 • Laboratory acquired cases reported: 1 • Total: 2,517 o Sexually transmitted: 22 o Guillain-Barré syndrome: 7 Two areas in Miami with active transmission of Zika virus have been identified by the Florida department of health (CDC, 2016). Zika virus transmission has now been documented in 66 countries and territories; since 2015, 49 countries and territories previously Zika virus-negative have experienced their first reported Zika virus outbreak “The virus true prevalence may be overestimated given serologic overlap between Zika virus and related flaviviruses, such as dengue virus and West Nile virus” (Plourde and Bloch, 2016) According to the WHO prediction there will be 4 million Zika virus infections in 2016 in the Americas (North and south America) alone with up to 2.17 billion people living in areas conducive to Zika virus transmission based on the initial modeling (Boeuf, Drummer, Richards, Scoullar and Beeson, 2016). Zika virus pose major threat to pregnant women and their fetuses. This threat is greater in the first trimester of pregnancy because early stage of pregnancy is a crucial period for brain development for fetus (Boeuf, Drummer, Richards, Scoullar and Beeson, 2016). “Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and…

ZIKV includes symptoms which are closely related and resembles that of DENV. It can sometimes be difficult determining if a person has ZIKV after being diagnosed with DENV in the past. Antibodies developed in persons infected with DENV prior to being infected with ZIKV, causes severe increase in infection of ZIKV cells. Flaviviruses are extraordinary because whenever antibodies cross-react with different viruses, infection and diseases are likely to be enhanced. These antibodies developed after…

difference in this mosquito then the rest. This specie carries Dengue and Chikungunya which is an infection that causes joint issues, fever, and even death. However, these diseases are only in the tropics and subtropics. Diagnosis If a person traveled overseas and came back with unusual symptoms, they would have to immediately go to a healthcare provider and tell when and where they traveled. At some stage in the primary week after onset of signs and symptoms, Zika virus disorder can…

that was described as Zika virus later on in 1952. In 1954, it was then later taken from a human in Nigeria. From the founding of the virus until 2007, proven events of the Zika virus infection from Africa and Southeast Asia were very rare. A rapid epidemic took place in Yap Island, Micronesia in 2007. Outbreaks lately, has struck many other places like Polynesia, Easter Island, New Caledonia and numerous other countries and regions. The virus’s closest kin and the only other member of its class…

Ebola Virus is, people who come in contact with a carrier of the Virus must be immediately put into quarantine until cleared. These two diseases, the Black Death and Dengue Fever (Ebola) are similar in the fact that they both spread super-fast in certain regions. In the world of modern medicine today, doctors are able to treat symptoms and stop the Dengue fever and other viruses from spreading by containment. With the knowledge doctors have obtained they have discovered new ways to treat…

in humans. However, Zika traveled into the public eye when it was isolated in Brazil in 2014. Some believed that this was due to the FIFA World Cup soccer competition that had taken place shortly before the appearance of Zika. However, none of the teams that took part in the World Cup were places known to have had outbreaks of Zika. (Musso) This virus is similar to yellow fever, West Nile, and dengue viruses, as they are all what is known as a flavivirus. It is named after yellow fever, as that…

After the first three days in which the symptoms onset, the serum can be used for diagnosis, while urine or saliva can be utilized for testing after an incubation period of about three to five days. The advantage of serological testing is that it has the potential to demonstrate the presence of antibodies that are associated with the Zika virus. While this may be the case, the antibody (IgM) cross- reactivity with other flaviviruses can be a problem when trying to come up with a precise…

mid- and late-gestation placentas and infected explants from first-trimester chorionic villi” to see to which extent placental cells and explants are infected.”7 TAM receptors consist of Axl, Tyro3, and Mertk. TAMs are homeostatic regulators with the ability to clear apoptotic cells. Phosphatidylserine8 (PS) receptor recognizing PS could facilitate the clearing of apoptotic cells and the entering of enveloped virus into the infected cells. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a ligand for PS…