Flaviviridae

1. Where and when was the first case of Zika virus infection reported? (10 pts) In 1947 Zika virus was first isolated from a monkey coming from the Zika forest in Uganda1. In 1952 first human infections were reported in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania1. Reference [1] The History of Zika Virus." World Health Organization. World Health Organization, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2016. 2. What are the common symptoms of Zika virus infection (Zika virus disease)? (10 pts) When a person is infected with Zika virus, he or she could either have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis (red eyes) are the most common symptoms. Muscle pain and headache could sometimes appear as well. People with mild symptoms do not feel very sick, and symptoms would fade within a week2. Reference [2] “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Sept. 2016, www.cdc.gov/zika/about/index.html 3. When a pregnant woman is infected with Zika virus, the virus can be transmitted to her baby. What is the known birth defect caused by Zika infection during pregnancy? (10 pts) Pregnant women infected with Zika virus would give birth to a baby who has the birth defect of microcephaly. Zika virus causes this birth defect. Babies with microcephaly would have smaller brains than normal babies because their brains grow aberrantly during pregnancy and would stop growing after birth2,3. Congenital Zika syndrome is a series of other…

ZIKA VIRUS Zika virus is center of an ongoing pandemic and public health emergency with serious medical and economic consequences. (Plourde and Bloch, 2016). Zika virus belongs to the family of flavivirus which includes other mosquitoborn viruses like chikungunya virus, dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus (Plourde and Bloch, 2016). Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus), other Aedes…

Thank you for taking the time to read my proposal to address the pressing issue of the ever spreading Zika Virus. The recent American outbreak of the widespread Zika epidemic has called for cautious measures to be taken in areas of high mosquito population. There have been several moments in the past few months where I would find myself swatting mosquitos, only to have those around me continuously warn me about Zika. The impact the virus has had on the general public has caused mild levels of…

The first major American yellow fever epidemic hit Philadelphia in July 1793 and peaks during the first weeks of October. Philadelphia then the nation’s capital was the most cosmopolitan city in the United States. During the yellow fever epidemic during 1793 in philadelphia 5,000 or more people were listed in the official register of deaths between August 1 and November 9. Yellow fever is known for bringing on a characteristic yellow tinge to the eyes and skin and for the terrible black vomit…

gov, the following experiment was enacted: “A prospective pediatric clinical cohort of 102 dengue hemorrhagic fever patients from Colombia, South America, was followed for 1 year. Clinical diagnosis of myocarditis was routinely performed. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic analysis were performed to confirm those cases. Immunohistochemistry for detection of dengue virus and inflammatory markers was performed on autopsied heart tissue”. The route of invasion is through mosquitoes. The…

It is spread by the bites of female mosquitoes. It is caused by flavivirus which is a genus of viruses in the family Flaviviridae that are positive, single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses. The virus remains silent in the body during an incubation period of three to six days. However, it does requires a medical diagnosis. Some of the symptoms include; fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Serious cases may cause fatal heart, liver, and kidney conditions. The person will also get chills,…

Hepatitis C Virus is a genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is related with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C infection is the type species. It is an irresistible malady caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that fundamentally affects the liver. At the main stages, specific symptoms haven’t been seen and some common symptoms including a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs. In the progression of the disease, liver disease and…

The Zika infection usually been linked with asymptomatic or slight illnesses. The symptoms for Zika, when they transpire, consist of a slight fever, maculopapular rash, a headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and non-purulent conjunctivitis. In an occurrence in France in 2013 and 2014 neuro logical and auto-immune difficulties presented itself for the first time. Content Origin The Zika virus itself is a mosquito-borne, positive-sense, and a one-stranded RNA virus. Zika belongs to the family…

(3) Hepatitis C virus is part of Flaviviridae family which spread the virus through arthropod vectors. Moreover, hepatitis C virus consist of “six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes” (3). Hepatitis C virus infection usually are undetected due to none significant symptoms during initial stage. Therefore, frequent infection is prevalence and it is most likely to be developed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Utilizing case-control study method of two patient groups of HCV…

closely associated to DENV, West Nile, yellow fever and the Japanese encephalitis virus. After a person is infected, they experience mild symptoms which usually lasts from a few days or up to a week; some have no symptoms at all. In addition, ZIKV is not contagious and cannot be spread from one person to the next. However, this flavivrus can be passed on through sexual intercourse. Pregnant women who are infected with ZIKV can cause a birth defect called microcephaly and other critical…