Research Question
Cancer is a devastating disease for many individuals and families. In the United States, mortality rate of cancer is more than half a million in year 2014 and it is still rated as a second most common cause of death (American Cancer Society, 2015). Causes of cancer are contribution of numerous factors such as diet, lifestyle, certain types of infections, and environmental exposures. In specific, viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be main source of liver cancer. Major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is identified as continuous infection of hepatitis C virus. Research question for this research proposal is how persistent infection of hepatitis C virus effect …show more content…
(3) Hepatitis C virus is part of Flaviviridae family which spread the virus through arthropod vectors. Moreover, hepatitis C virus consist of “six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes” (3). Hepatitis C virus infection usually are undetected due to none significant symptoms during initial stage. Therefore, frequent infection is prevalence and it is most likely to be developed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Utilizing case-control study method of two patient groups of HCV infection who develop HCC as a major result of HCV and who do not develop HCC. The progression of HCV in two groups will be studied from laboratory data and analyze the major elements that contribute to cause agent of …show more content…
However, absent of genetic mutation steps are identified in HCV that developed to HCC when the core protein and non-structural protein such as NS3 and NS5A are presented. “The overall effects achieved by the expression of the core protein would be the induction of HCC, even in the absence of a complete set of genetic aberrations, required for carcinogenesis.” (3) Chronic inflammation, cell death, proliferation, and cirrhosis are secondary motives why HCV causes HCC. Moreover, HCV genetic material has been recognized “in the cancer cells and surrounding liver tissue.” (3) In addition, it is suspected that the occurence rate of genotype 1b is noted elevated in patients who have worsening liver destruction in histology view. Furthermore, tumor suppression and DNA repair have been impaired by restrict binding of NS5A protein and P53. (2) This mechanism also presented inhibition of T-cell proliferation which plays critical role in immune system. In core proteins, genetic mutations have been detected as a risk factor. It is not significant yet impairment of microRNA to regulate properly has been detected in HCV patients who developed HCC.
Cancer is a devastating disease for many individuals and families. In the United States, mortality rate of cancer is more than half a million in year 2014 and it is still rated as a second most common cause of death (American Cancer Society, 2015). Causes of cancer are contribution of numerous factors such as diet, lifestyle, certain types of infections, and environmental exposures. In specific, viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be main source of liver cancer. Major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is identified as continuous infection of hepatitis C virus. Research question for this research proposal is how persistent infection of hepatitis C virus effect …show more content…
(3) Hepatitis C virus is part of Flaviviridae family which spread the virus through arthropod vectors. Moreover, hepatitis C virus consist of “six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes” (3). Hepatitis C virus infection usually are undetected due to none significant symptoms during initial stage. Therefore, frequent infection is prevalence and it is most likely to be developed to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Utilizing case-control study method of two patient groups of HCV infection who develop HCC as a major result of HCV and who do not develop HCC. The progression of HCV in two groups will be studied from laboratory data and analyze the major elements that contribute to cause agent of …show more content…
However, absent of genetic mutation steps are identified in HCV that developed to HCC when the core protein and non-structural protein such as NS3 and NS5A are presented. “The overall effects achieved by the expression of the core protein would be the induction of HCC, even in the absence of a complete set of genetic aberrations, required for carcinogenesis.” (3) Chronic inflammation, cell death, proliferation, and cirrhosis are secondary motives why HCV causes HCC. Moreover, HCV genetic material has been recognized “in the cancer cells and surrounding liver tissue.” (3) In addition, it is suspected that the occurence rate of genotype 1b is noted elevated in patients who have worsening liver destruction in histology view. Furthermore, tumor suppression and DNA repair have been impaired by restrict binding of NS5A protein and P53. (2) This mechanism also presented inhibition of T-cell proliferation which plays critical role in immune system. In core proteins, genetic mutations have been detected as a risk factor. It is not significant yet impairment of microRNA to regulate properly has been detected in HCV patients who developed HCC.