Fear conditioning

Specific Phobia Specific phobia is defined as the occurrence of intense and abnormal fear when exposed to a specific object, person or situation. To be diagnosed with specific phobia, the fear must cause last over 6 months and cause severe and debilitating anxiety or distress. There are five categories that all specific phobias fall into: animals (such as sharks), situations (such as planes), blood, injections and injury (such as getting a needle), natural environment (such as storms) and other…

Laws of Learning (p.200) • Law of Effect – (p.200) Acts that produce satisfaction in a given situation become associated with that situation; when the situation recurs, the act is likely to recur. A stimulus-response” reaction circumstance where a positive reaction will most likely reproduce the action which caused it. • Law of Exercise – (p.200) The more an act or response is used in a given situation, the more strongly the act becomes associated with that situation. A circumstance where…

Everyone has a fear in the world, whether the person is willing to admit it or not, though sometimes it takes a person awhile to figure out what exactly triggers their human reaction to a “dangerous” situation. Fear is normal, but there are times when this natural reaction develops into a persistent and unreasonable anxiety about an object or given situation to the point of avoidance, which becomes a labeled term called a phobia. Today’s notion of phobias is that there is nothing to be ashamed…

In this TMA I, will evaluate the usefulness of conditioning for our understanding of human behaviour. To begin with I look at what conditioning is and how the understanding of this phenomenon developed. Furthermore, I perceive how conditioning has been applied to human behaviour and what the benefits consist of when the principle of conditioning is applied to human behaviour. Finally, I identify some of the limits to the usefulness of conditioning for understanding human behaviour. First, I…

Classical and Operant Conditioning Name Institutional Affiliation Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical and operant conditioning are two significant concepts essential to behavioural psychology. Classical conditioning was studied by Ivan Pavlov and it involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus triggers a response naturally and automatically. In classical conditioning, learning refers to involuntary responses that result…

Emotional Conditioning Emotional conditioning can be seen as the gateway to understanding a multitude of characteristics of human psychology (McLeod). The variation of emotional responses among people can be accounted for by life experiences and mental associations. Knowledge on conditioned emotional responses can be seen as limited, along much of the other knowledge associated with the brain’s workings. The many factors that contribute to the wide array of emotional responses can be more…

In my paper I am going to explain the theories of operant and classical conditioning. Classical and operant conditioning are two main types of associative learning. Associative learning happens when we form associations or connections, among stimuli and behaviors. Associative learning helps us to foresee the future based on past experience and has survival advantages. For instance, if B happens, then C is more than likely to follow. There are also many other types of associative learning…

that he called Albert B. the infant boy started in the experiment loving animals, and a white rat. Watson startled the rat with a loud sound of a hammer hitting the metal, Albert begins to develop a phobia a fear of white rats as well as most animals and furry objects. Many people have logical fears of animals, even myself is scared of every little creature that crawls, walk or run. Those of whom suffer from a phobia like seeing a person standing on a chair screaming “A SPIDER”! Even going to…

In what ways can classical conditioning principles be used to treat problem behaviours in humans? This essay seeks to present and show how the classical conditioning principles can be used and applied to treat problem behaviours in humans. First the concept of classical conditioning will be briefly defined after which the concept of learning through conditioning will be examined. The paragraph after that will concentrate on defining and presenting the core idea of behavioural therapy. After…

1. The first domesticated Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) was thought to have come from India during the Indus Valley Civilization between 3300 BCE and 1700 BCE (Sukumar, 1989). During the earlier periods of the Indus Valley Civilization is it thought that the civilization lived close to the habitat of the Asian Elephant, but through the expansion of the civilization, the habitat of the elephant was reduced leading to more exposure to human. Early human have known to capture elephants for…