External validity

Internal validity addresses causal relationships between factors. Focusing on the test and having strong control over the environment can produce a more detailed understanding of the responses (Moskal & Leydens, 2000). For example, the survey must be given in an environment that does not resemble test taking facilities. The environment should be calm and casual. If the participant is taking a survey on test anxiety and is in a rigid environment they may feel those unnatural conditions and they will affect their responses. Each administration of the test must happen in similar circumstances (Moskal & Leydens, 2000). External validity is the ability to have the results generalized to larger populations. In this case, the internal validity and construct of other portions of the test will allow for larger generalizations to be made. For example, one can state that based on our results, if a person experiences lack of knowledge in a subject he/she will have a larger probability of test anxiety. Another generalization that can be made based on the test validity is that if a correlation exists between study time and test anxiety. There are large amounts of information that can be gleaned from a test once the validity standards are…

Threads to validity are specific reasons why a person can be partly or completely wrong when making an inference. There are several threads to validity that will raise questions about an experimenter’s ability to conclude that the intervention affects an outcome and not some other factor. Internal validity regards to the internal logic and consistency of the research. If research is seen as an argument then internal validity is about the logic and consistency of this argument. It is most…

mature for the age group that is playing so you risk exposing your child to certain actions or language that is more advanced than there age range (Przybylski, 2014). This popular media report mainly discussed the positives effects of video games and didn’t really mention many of the negatives associated with video games. The fact that the popular report did not put more emphasis on the negative side effects makes me question the reliability of the information I am being given. Reliability also…

Select one of the studies presented at a Friday seminar workshop during the first semester. For this study, identify both a threat to internal validity and a threat to construct validity. In each instance, explain why the threat that you’ve identified is a threat and how significant a threat it is. King, Massoud and Song (2016), suffers from multiple validity threats of varying degrees of significance. Internal Validity As the principle-agent problem goes much of the way to explain the results…

Internal validity is defined as: “the approximate truth about inferences regarding cause-effect or causal relationships. Thus internal validity is only relevant in studies that try to establish a causal relationship” (“Internal Validity,” n.d.). Specific steps that a researcher should take to ensure internal validity in a mixed-method study are: 1. Ensure a cause and effect relationship is seen, and 2. Consider threats to internal validity, which are: • single group threats • multiple group…

A potential threat to the internal validity of my assigned research study is maturation because participants in the non-Snoezelen study were much older than other participants in the study with an age gap of up to 20 years. Maturation also threats internal validity in the sense that Snoezelen participants had been living in the residential aged care facility for a longer period of time compared to the non-Snoezelen group (Bauer et al., 2015). Participants who have been living in the residential…

These are set issues that are always at heart of external validity, and that will set the tone for trustworthy results that can play a key role when sharing certain thoughts or opinions. Validity can be divided into two; external and internal validity. Internal validity refers to the consistency of variables at an internal level that whether the results represent the claims provided while external validity refers to evaluating a sample that is far away or not associated with sample study. Both…

1. Name and describe at least 5 threats to validity (ea. threat accurately described is worth 2 points up to a possible 16 points). History threat- This occurs when the study outcome is affected by some historical event. If a specific event or chain of events does transpire during the time when a treatment is administered and it affects the observations it is a threat to the internal validity. Often times there is no way of determining if the historical event(s) or the treatment accounts for…

were depressed and the method of sampling was not applicable. It suggests that the participants were already willing to change. 2. Internal validity is the estimated fact about implications regarding cause-effect. It is only pertinent in studies that try to establish a causal relationship (KnowledgeBase, 2006). External validity is the degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and people. Validity is important because it observes research findings. If…

In addition to your assigned article you will need to use your textbooks or other resources to adequately talk about the specific aspects of having validity in a research study. Validity is affected by low statistical power. As stated above, a power analysis was unable to be conducted for this study. Grove, Burns & Gray (2016) state: Low statistical power increases the probability of concluding that there is no significant difference between samples when actually there is a difference (Type…