External validity

According to section 301.4 of SOX 2002, the public company audit committee is required to implement procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the whistleblowers concerning auditing matters, internal accounting controls, or accounting. Also, the complaints have to be treated confidentially by the audit committee by making whistleblowing procedures for the submission around dubitable accounting or auditing matters to be anonymous. To encourage this, the audit…

Internal Control and an external audit that needs to provide an opinion on its reliability. The section requires a report that acknowledge the responsibility of management for creating and maintaining internal controls in order to manage the risk that can potentially cause inaccurate, fraudulent or incomplete data to be disclosed to stakeholders. The report should also contain the effectiveness of the internal control structure as of the end of the most recent fiscal year. External auditors…

After stepping into Major Warren’s position, there are several considerations that could be made and certain activities that could be done differently from his initial implemented plans. When preparing for such an extraordinary meeting, it is important when the planners consider other factors apart from the intelligence reports that are available. As a planner of such an event of this magnitude, the first thing to do is to assess the past events that have taken place in the country of such…

There are a lot of many different companies in many different industries across the globe. One of those industries is the accounting industry. Which has many different careers and titles; there is tax accountants, forensic accountants, financial advisors, and auditors. This essay will discuss what the PCAOB does, some consequences if firms do not do their audit correctly, a recent lawsuit, and what they did in result after the lawsuit. Like other accounting firms, the PCAOB has several duties.…

. In May 1984, he borrowed money from a co-worker and bounced several checks trying to repay him. In July 1984, Pollard’s supervisor received a letter of indebtedness from the Navy Federal Credit Union reporting that Pollard was delinquent in repaying a loan. His supervisor failed to report the letter to the OIC and did not record the financial troubles in Pollard’s file. In post-arrest interviews, Pollard claimed to have perceived anti-Israel/anti-Semitic sentiment from coworkers and…

and whether or not “inappropriate elements are included in the indicator.” Although content validation is an “important contribution” to measurement validity, its chief limitation is that “alone it is incomplete, for two reasons”: “first, although a necessary condition, the findings of content validation are not a sufficient for establishing validity” and second “the trade-off between parsimony and completeness that arises because indicators routinely fail to capture the full content of a…

ADHD, validity o Articles I narrowed down  Psychometric Properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale in a Referred Population (Wolraich et al., 2003) • Internal consistency and factor structure = acceptable, consistent with DSM-IV • Good reliability  The Psychometric Properties of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale in a Community Population (Bard et al., 2013) • Complicated statistics • Reasonable reliability, construct validity, criterion validity  Using…

development. These new mandates have generated significant challenges for states with respect to standards and test development; test validity; and accountability policy development and implementation (GAO, 2006; Zehr, 2006; Abedi, 2004; Crawford, 2002). There are several major concerns of English language proficiency assessments, first and foremost is the test validity, second the cultural bias of the assessments, third the nonstandard administration and fourth the assessment does not pair with…

Abstract: A truck scale fraud occurred in Pratt Recycling recently. There was collusion between the scale operator and several peddlers. The operator overstated the net weight information on the weight tickets and would create fictitious weight tickets when no weighing had taken place. Pratt started to require more documentation from peddlers and updated an automated scale system. Moreover, Pratt strengthened its monitoring process and adopted other internal control methods. Also, Pratt…

The fraud was perpetrated in two ways. First, reserve accounts were drawn down to boost earnings. However, when the reserve accounts eventually ran out of money, Scott Sullivan ordered the accounting staff to treat line costs, which should have been treated as expenses, as capital assets. This accounting treatment was against the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which should have been used by WorldCom’s accounting department. By classifying the line costs as capital expenditures instead…