Evapotranspiration

Reference evapotranspiration (ETref) plays a vital role on climatological and hydrological researches, where spatial and temporal variations are a key indicator for climate change condition and water resources allocation (Jhajharia et al. 2009; Li et al. 2016; Sentelhas et al. 2010). The study on spatial and temporal changes of ETref has drawn much attention in recent decades to the regional-scale hydro-climatic change worldwide because of its nexus in the water resource management and terrestrial ecosystems (Burn and Hesch 2007; Shan et al. 2015; Tabari et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2016). Additionally, ETref is not only helping for estimating agricultural water requirements, but also making irrigation planning and management (Gao et al. 2016a).…

hybrid cultivar) seeds were sown in polystyrene trays on 10th of February, 2013. Seedlings and germination stages were conducted in the greenhouse. Seedlings were transplanted by hand at the third true leaf stage on 10th of March in oriented rows, 1.3 m apart, with 0.4 m between plants in the row, giving a plant density of about 2 plants m-2. A drip irrigation system with one laterals laid down along the rows with in-line emitters located 0.30 m apart, the emitters with flow rate of 4.2 L h-1…

Thus through the planting vegetation on the riverbank a process known as evapotranspiration will occur and thus increase the cooling factor. “Evapotranspiration is the term used to describe the part of the water cycle which removes liquid water from an area with vegetation and into the atmosphere by the processes of both transpiration and evaporation, (About Evapotranspiration, 2016).” the location of the project is the broken down hydroelectric station in a weir in proximity of the camp,…

factor of the northwest when talking about erosion rates because of the very rough topography of the region along with the precipitation amounts that occur there. Trees play a very important role in keeping the soils in place along the steep slopes of the Pacific Northwest. Annual precipitation may exceed 375 cm, so high volumes of vegetation and good infiltration rates of the soil is crucial to insure that erosion rates are low (Swanston, Swanson 1976). Vegetation in general helps prevent the…

millions of rural farming populations are expected to be particularly negative. Average global temperatures are projected to rise by 0.5-10C by 2030 and by 1.4-5.80C by 2100. These higher temperatures will result in increased evapotranspiration…

Sierra Nevada, the Colorado River, and the Sacramento River), and the Raymond Basin (Brick 2003). The water budget created for the Arroyo Seco Watershed was developed using a spreadsheet model that included data available for precipitation, infiltration, runoff, and water supply studies and plans for the region from agencies such as the U.S. Geological Survey and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (Brick 2003). For the water budget, the water inflows considered included imported water…

Trees produce timber that is burned for fuel, manufactured into a wide range of wooden and paper products, and used for recreation. Millions of non-timber forest products are crafted from different tree parts that don’t require cutting down the tree for harvesting. Trees support a healthy water cycle and watershed through increased percolation, infiltration, and groundwater recharge, as well as decreased levels of erosion and runoff. Terrestrial carbon sequestration and evapotranspiration that…

sedimentation deposition, and evapotranspiration. I would love to share what I am working on at Alvarado Creek but it does not pertain to wildfires, and while this is an unorthodox paragraph for a research paper, I thought it would be fitting to share some of her research that does pertain to wildfires. California watersheds are some of the largest and most important in the world, serving over 30 million people. It has been shown that wildfires can alter watersheds to increase runoff,…

climate change. Globally these models predict an increase of the dry season’s length, disturbances about rainfalls, temperature, the evapotranspiration… These effects are already noticed and they will continue to rise. They produced many consequences on the affected area. First, logging trees leads to a lower surface roughness length, that’s rise the speed wind and, consequently, the drought of the area. Indeed, foliage protects the land against wind and it allows a reduction of speed wind about…

significantly warmer than rural areas because of the lack of green space. In other words, areas with trees and vegetation have lower temperatures, since there is more shading and more evapotranspiration occurring (EPA 2016). Trees can be practical around buildings, parking lots or on streets for effective cooling of creating shades. As a result, the need for air conditioning declines, while vegetation decreases runoffs and improves water quality by “absorbing and filtering rainwater” (EPA 2016).…