Emile Berliner

one that influenced the future of music for years to come. Lisa Gitelman describes the phonograph as a “Jekyll-and-Hyde” type of device (Gitelman). Thomas Edison created the phonograph with entirely different ideas than for what it is remembered. Edison never intended for his invention to be used for music. Music was fourth on his “list of possibilities” (Taylor 13). A recording of “Mary Had a Little Lamb” ushered in a new era of music in 1877 (Rubery 10). The machine worked mechanically, and as such, no electricity was required (Taylor 12). Although music is what the phonograph is most known for, it was not used for this purpose until over a decade after its creation. Inventions by Alexander Graham Bell of the graphophone and Emilie Berliner of the gramophone competed against Edison’s phonograph. Emilie’s gramophone used a disc to operate. Soon, these machines became standard, as opposed to the cylinders that Edison’s phonograph used. It was not until the disc became standard that music began to flourish as a use for the phonograph. Other factors played into the delay: Edison’s phonograph was unsuccessful as it was, and coin-operated machines gained popularity as music-listening devices. (Taylor 14). During the late 1800s, men and women fell into very specific roles in society. The Second Industrial Revolution began in the 1870s and continued on through the early 1900s. Men were gone from their homes, working in factories and maneuvering the business world. Women were…

Method This study investigated how officials (the referee, assistant referees and the fourth official) in English football were/have been portrayed in newspapers, between 17 October 2015 to 17 January 2016. Only Premier League teams were analysed but included their matches in other domestic competitions (The FA Cup and The Capital One Cup). When one (or both) Premier League teams were competing in a cup competition the match was recorded, however when neither team was a Premier League club, the…

Donut Donut an sugary, sweet, snack that is spread around the world be eaten at anytime. The creator of this delicious snack that is worldwide was discovered by Dutch settler in North America. But a person who has claimed to be the inventor of making ring shaped donut, Hanson Gregory in 1847. The process of an donut is batters, various topping and flavoring used. Throughout the year many people have question about the delicious snack that might be answer through this passage. One of the…

Willa Cather’s O Pioneers! tells the gripping tale of Alexandra, a farmer on the Nebraska plains and her ordeals as she faces obstacles with her farm life and personal life. The novel expands into further character plots, however, specifically that of Emil and Marie, Alexandra’s brother and his married love interest, respectively. Ending in tragedy, Cather memorializes them with this passage: “But the stained, slippery grass, the darkened mulberries, told only half the story. Above Marie and…

Twenty-four-year-old Christopher McCandless was a strong adventurer who disappeared after graduating college to go on a backpacking trip which ended up in the Alaskan wilderness. Chris McCandless became Alex Supertramp because he wanted to explore the unexplored and discover a life without responsibility, possessions, people, money, lies, and abusive relationships. He severely wanted to prove that one’s life does not require road maps and plans but that one could be perfectly happy as a free man…

In the three novels, shelter plays a role in defining the main characters in the novel. The way characters act towards shelter, the condition of the shelter, and the actions that happen inside the shelter give it a symbolic meaning that relates to the main character’s personality and social life. In the novel, “Boys in the Boat”, shelter symbolizes the hard work ahead of Joe and the status of his family relationship. Joe, the main character, often lives in unfinished or very small…

In Sean Penn’s film “Into the Wild”, Christopher McCandless, is not a hero. Throughout the movie there are times he can be more of an antagonist: influencing the people he meets to see their own lives through the same lenses he views his own. Furthermore, throughout the film Chris struggles with two evils. He faces the evil in society of Man vs. Man. The constant need for materialistic possessions, success, wealth, and prominence. The struggle against power, control, and laws which govern our…

Chris McCandless and Timothy Treadwell were two individuals who had chosen a path distinct from society for reasons that only they could understand. Treadwell was fed up of the life that he had been living and decided to become one with the bears.While McCandless had given up on society as a whole and wanted to step into the wilderness to find himself. With different purposes and mindsets, McCandless and Treadwell both decided to go into nature knowing that there might be a chance that they…

Imagine walking into the wild while abandoning everything ever known in life such as family, friends, place of residence, and even daily hobbies and pastimes in an attempt to dissociate from society just to experience freedom, or prove a cause that many find unnecessary and life threatening. Although it may seem like an adrenaline rush for some, there is a very slim chance for survival given the surroundings and circumstances. The author of Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer, reveals Chris McCandless…

In a society heavily based on family values, Chris McCandless abandons the status quo and runs into the wilderness seeking solitude and self-discovery. In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, the protagonist Chris McCandless escapes a privileged young adult life to pursue a better understanding of his self-identity, which he believes he can find in the Alaskan wilderness. Although intending to chase his sense of adventure and escape materialistic ideologies, McCandless was egotistical in his…