Chlorophyll

Abstract The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is central to the formation of usable energy forms in cells. This essay will give detail on how this is achieved and the cycle’s links to other metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation. It will also explore how the cycle functions in anabolic and catabolic forms while replenishing used intermediates before examining how the cycle is regulated. Introduction The citric acid cycle being named…

“To insure a good health: eat lightly, breathe deeply, live moderately, cultivate cheerfulness, and maintain an interest in life.”-William Londen. Food Rules:An Eater’s Manual by Michael Pollan suggests ways to improve our diet in order to make it a healthy one and encourages us to get rid of bad habits in the process. Food Rules is a highly inspirational book that does not just educate and inform us, but leads us to take action towards our goals. Pollan mentions that the Western diet contains a…

the intake of water and light. These components are taken into the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.(Campbell) More importantly, the solar energy provided by the intake of these components into the Photosystem II excites electrons in the chlorophyll causing them to jump to higher energy levels. The excited electrons are then bonded to primary acceptors and transported down the electron transport chain, in which ATP is created, to Photosystem I. (Campbell) The excitation of the electrons…

important commercially and has great interest in pharmaceutical companies for the production of the new drugs for curing of various diseases. Phytochemicals have two categories i.e., primary and secondary constituents. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, proteins sugar and amino acids. Secondary constituents contain terpenoids and alkaloids. It is estimated that there are up to 4,000 phytochemicals in plants. Antimicrobial Properties of Phytochemicals Present in Plants: A. Triterpenes…

There are more than 4.7 million refugees that have fled from the war in Syria, 783 million people that don’t have access to clean water, and famine levels are at an all time high. If only there was a way to keep the media focused on these crises. Oh wait, there is! The answer is art. This powerful tool of expression definately has the ability to create change because it can raise awareness, change the way people think, and also encourage people to act. Art has the ability to raise awareness…

11/5/16 08 English Rough Draft Body Baking soda is a chemical that can be used in cleaning, deodorizing, health, cooking, and in baking (Rodino 14). Baking soda can do many things, but it is mostly used in baking. Baking soda is an important, chemical leavening agent in baking (Sideman) . This chemical agent is used in bread, cookies, cakes, and other baked goods (Rodino 14). Leavening agents make baked goods rise, which are need to make goodies light and fluffy. Baking soda is a mild alkaline…

The structure and function of carbohydrates (25 Marks) Carbohydrates are made from Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O). A monosaccharide is the monomer sub unit of carbohydrates and can be joined together through a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond between the two monomers which is known as a disaccharide. The above diagram shows a condensation reaction taking place. There is a reaction between two monomer sub units, in this case α-glucose and ethanol, which involves the…

growth. Particles, such as ozone, can block stomata in the leaves and prevent plants from conducting respiration and photosynthesis. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide can produce acid rain which can damage the leaves of plants. The reduction of chlorophyll can reduce the photosynthesis rate of plants. Acid rain also acidizes the soil and makes it unsuitable for the growth of plants. Air pollution can also increase the susceptibility of plants and make it more vulnerable to insects and…

Introducing Genes from other Organisms to Improve Efficiency Besides using just genes from the plant itself, scientists have been able to introduce other genes from other organisms into the plant cells, one of the first being (Fructose-1, 6-Sedoheptulose-1, 7-biphosphate). The (Fructose-1, 6-Sedoheptulose-1, 7-biphosphate) gene comes from cyanobacteria and was introduced to a transgenic tobacco plant. Once again, through the use of overexpression, the tobacco plant showed an increased…

Every minute, a child dies from a water-related disease; combine that with adult fatalities from the same diseases, and the number skyrockets to more than 840,000 annual deaths (“Water Facts”). These individuals are only a tiny fraction of the 750 million people worldwide without access to clean drinking water, water that is often used to sustain what little agriculture they may be cultivating. This crisis closely interrelates with the worldwide hunger issue, which is so prevalent that 21,000…