Cartilage

synapomorphies of the order Batoidea. This order contains 600 species and 26 families. Along with flattened bodies, protruding cartilage, and an absent anal fin are major synapomorphies of this order. While this particular Batoidea species is equipped with sharp spikes on its back and tail other sister families have adopted different ways of presenting protruding cartilage. Sawfish are in a sister family to skates called, Pristidae.…

1. Nasal bone a. These bones serve as attachments sites for the cartilaginous tissues that shape the nose (AnatomyExpert, 2014). 2. Nasal Cartilage a. The nasal cartilage articulates with the ethmoid bone to anteriorly separate the nasal passage into two halves (Starkey, Brown, & Ryan, 2011). 3. Zygoma a. The zygoma is a sturture that fused to the maxilla and the temporal bones to form the prominent zygomatic arch beneath the eyes (Starkey, et al., 2011). 4. Maxilla a. The main functions for the…

There are three different types of cartilage which each have slightly different structures and functions. Hyaline cartilage, which is composed of collagen fibers and chondrocytes which is found in the spaces of the matrix. Hyaline cartilage is found on the ends of bones providing smooth movements where the joints come together and resilient surfaces enabling tissues to move or slide over…

Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium are cells on the surface of the pinna of the ear in the epidermis. These are structurally flat cells, and although they are part of the skin surface layer they are no longer active cells by the lack of blood supply. They are pack of a keratin proteins, which main purpose is to make our skin waterproof from hazard chemicals. These dead cells are constantly deteriorating from the surface of the skin. The cells on the base layer are really cuboidal shape.…

of five steps and uses hyaline cartilage as a model to form long bones. The first step of endochondral ossification is the collar formation. Periosteum form around hyaline cartilage then stem cells specialize into osteoblasts. Much like the intramembranous ossification process, the osteoblasts produce proteins, however these proteins are located on on the outside of the cartilage forming a bony collar. In the second step, the center hardens and makes inner cartilage deteriorate while cavities…

Osteoarthritis is known as degenerative joint disease. It is the most common form of arthritis. It is characterized as focal and gradual loss of hyaline cartilage and underlying structural changes. Osteoarthritis can be either localized or generalized from traumatic, metabolic and other medical relation of causes. Some Patients does not have specific inflammatory or metabolic condition associated with arthritis and do not have a history of specific injuries that can be considered primary…

The pain is from the cartilage inside the sprained the ankle that clotted and stops the rotational movement of the ankle. Another form of pain could come from when the ankle is sprained and the cartilage that was there is now too damaged to be of use. So now there is a hole where the cartilage was supposed to lie. The treatment that is needed to recover from lack of rotational movement and lack of cartilage in the ankle would be to remove the clotted cartilage. Then cartilage would need to be…

during chest expansion, [to allow] the rib cage [to move] to permit inflation” (“The Ribs”). The rib cage consists of costal cartilage which connects the false ribs to the sternum, false ribs which are connected by costal cartilage to the sternum, and floating ribs which is not connected to the sternum. This skeleton’s lack of false ribs, floating ribs, and costal cartilage would therefore hinder the rib cage’s proper functions.…

(Murphy, 2017). In normal joints, a firm, rubbery material called cartilage covers the end of each bone. Cartilage provides a smooth, flowing surface for joint motion and acts as a cushion between the bones. In OA, the cartilage breaks down, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint (Mayo Clinic, 2017). As this disease intensifies over time, cartilage may collapse and develop build up called spurs. Bits of bone or cartilage may chip off and float around in the joint. An inflammatory…

chondroitin are two substances that occur naturally inside the body. Glucosamine, also known as N-acetyl glucosamine, glucosamine hydrochloride, and glucosamine sulfate, helps repair and regenerate the cartilages that have been damaged from trauma or injury. Glucosamine is needed by the body to help form new cartilages and other bones tissues. But, as you begin to age, your body slowly produces lesser Glucosamine thus making you susceptible to trauma and injuries resulting to joint pains and…