Cartilage

swelling in the joints. The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis which is a condition that occurs whenever the articular cartilage between the two bones begins to wear away. The purpose of articular cartilage is to protect the ends of the bones and cushion them so they can glide, slide, and roll over each other with ease. However, when the articular cartilage wears away, it can cause the bones to rub against each other, triggering the pain and inflammation in the joint. A few symptoms…

damage of the articular cartilage and Synovitis.(1) The prevalence of OA is 18% and 10% in females and males respectively.(2) It is expected that, 20 % of adults in Western Europe and North America will have OA by 2030.(3) OA risk factors of OA depend on hormonal status, gender, genetics and abnormal biomechanical loading on joints - obesity, and joint injury.(4) An inflammatory stimuli, initiates the pathophyscology of OA , inflammatory cytokines breakdown the cartilage extracellular matrix by…

ability to differentiate into the specific types of tissues or cells that are needed to repair injuries and replace cells (Kaplan, Nassau, & Shore, 2014). This causes stem cells to express the mutant receptor that only triggers cells that replace cartilage and bone. Therefore, it overproduces bone where it is not needed, leading to Fibrodysplasia Ossification…

Once a child is born its bones start forming and growing until early adulthood this is called endochondral ossification. A five step example for endochondral ossification in the long bone is: (1)First, bone cartilage forms around the diaphysis of the hyaline cartilage model. Second, cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calcifies,…

cane, or without relying on my shoulder or holding onto my arm in order to gain stability in order to stand up. He loses feeling in his legs and knees. He has had arthroscopic surgery several months ago, in which they went in and smoothed out some cartilage, fixed his meniscus tear, and a few other things. The pain since surgery is worse than it was before surgery. He was told that he would need a knee replacement, or at least a partial replacement, He was told it would be at least two to five…

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects the formation of bones. The term Osteogenesis Imperfecta literally means imperfect bone formation. People with OI have bones that break easily, usually caused by a mild trauma or no cause at all. Multiple fractures are common with this disease since bones are weak. Although, in severe cases fracture of bones can occur before birth. This disease is caused by defective connective tissue and the lack of Type One Collagen. There are…

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects the skeletal system. The disorder affects the bones, it makes them fragile and easy to break. OI has many different types; type I one being the most common and mildest, and type II is the most severe. The first case of OI was found in a partially mummified infant's skeleton found from ancient Egypt. In 1835, Jean Lobstein made the term for osteogenesis imperfecta and was the first to correctly understand the causes of the disorder.…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressive, degenerative joint process where the articular cartilage layer on the ends of bones at the joints deteriorates, and the bone plate gets thicker and more sclerotic. Additionally, this affects the joint’s protective mechanisms including ligaments and muscle. OA is manifested as a monoarticular or polyarticular phenomenon and is often asymmetric. It can occasionally appear as a more generalized disease. OA usually begins asymptomatically when the…

to stimulate the circulation, relieve pain, destroy unhealthy tissue or cause bleeding vessels to clot. Diathermy has positive effects for osteoarthritis due to the biological effects of the condition. Osteoarthritis is a degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone. This usually effects the hip, knee and thumb joints. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in the world and the most affected by the knee joint. According to a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial…

independent variable (“Dependent-variable”). The quality of life of the participants can be affected by osteoarthritis. While osteoarthritis is not a life-threatening disease is can affect an individual’s quality of life due to the deterioration of joint cartilage in addition to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. The symptoms that are associated with osteoarthritis, if not treated through therapy or innovative medicine, can lead to disability due to mobility dependence…