Caliph

ISIS militants believe what they’re doing is right because it’s their duty as Muslims to declare jihad and establish an Islamic state where the Sharia laws is enforced and led by one supreme religious and political leader, called a caliph. “Sharia law is based on certain teachings of the Quran and requires all people under the caliphate’s “jurisdiction” to abide by the law.”(The Rise of ISIS). Those who fail to obey the sharia laws have to face Punishments such as flogging, stoning…

In this essay, I am going to assess and analyze between 3 dynasties, namely, Umayyad, Fatimid and Idrisid. By these meant, to make a comparison between these 3 dynasties in term of political, social and economic and the tension arise between Umayyad and Fatimid and what contributed to their decline – however, this will be focusing more on Fatimid and Idrisid while Umayyad as a background. The emergence of Umayyad was when Uthman was killed by mutinous Egyptian troops, therefore his second…

he founded two branches of the Islamic religion. Sunnism and Shiism are the two main sects in Islam, which have been in conflict for more than a millennium. The Sunni Muslims believe the first four Caliphs rightfully took the place of Mohammed as the leaders of Muslims. They recognize these caliphs as genuine religious leaders. Shiites, in contrast, believe the only ruler and legitimate successor of Mohammed is Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed. Religion is at the heart of…

John of Damascus was born c. 675- 749 in Damascus under Muslim rule. His father was a Christian believer that was employed by the Caliph. John followed in his father’s footsteps working for the Caliph but eventually became a monk near Jerusalem, where he studied, wrote and preached. Some of John 's writings became the cornerstone for Greek Orthodox theology, however John is most known for the support of icons in the Catholic Church. John held the position of a iconophile, which means icon loving…

shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. The temple was initially completed in 691 C.E. under the control of Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik. The Dome of the Rock is currently one of the oldest works of Islamic architecture today. It has…

architecture, medicine, mathematics, art and literature. The most effective and prosperous period of the Islamic Civilization era started form the 8th to 13th century and it is called the Golden era of History. The Golden era was during the Abbasid Caliph historical period. The Abbasid was established in Bagdad, capital of Iraq today, the Abbasid dynasty ruled from 750 to 1258 AD. The Abbasid revolution is a significant turning point in the history of Islamic society, resulting from a radical…

Trade Significance As major trade routes advanced throughout history, it helped with the development of societies with the transference of materials, religious beliefs, new inventions, languages, and art across the land. However, an important result from trade routes is the expansion and transfer of religion along with it. Some of the religions benefitting from travel and passing along knowledge and stories were Buddhism, Christianity, and Islamic faith. During the time of the Silk Road,…

geographer, making his opinion will be unbiased and objective. In document 10, Arab historian and geographer Al-Ya’qubi relates the importance of pilgrimage to Mecca for muslims, a task that was forbidden by citizens of Syria since the Syrian caliph was enemies with Caliph Abd al-Malik. The document describes the importance of taking on the pilgrimage through the Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, who stated that Muhammad said to make a journey to Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. This is also related to…

and the sharia. The Shiites further believe that the Twelve Imams who succeeded the Prophet are sinless and free from error and by God through Muhammad. The Imam begins with Ali, who is accepted by Sunni Muslims as the fourth of the "rightly guided caliphs" to succeed the Prophet. Shiites revere Ali as the first Imam, and his descendants, beginning with his sons Hasan and Husayn, continue the line of the Imams until the Twelfth, who ascended into a supernatural state to return to earth on…

Islam had spread far west to the coasts of Spain and east to the Indus river under the rule of Muhammad, first four Caliphs, and by the Umayyad Caliphs (document 3). Unfortunately, the military campaign was defeated by the Franks at the battle of Tours. The Islamic empire was vast and was able to conquer many people with the help of the Bedouins. The Bedouins were the first nomadic…