Calvin cycle

over an amount of time with varying light intensities to determine the effect of light intensity, CO2 and diuron on the rate of photosynthesis of Spinacia oleracea. Introduction Photosynthesis is the process in which chloroplasts found in plants, algae and some bacteria are used to convert light energy to chemical food energy. (Reece, et al. 2012, p. 190)(Molecules, Genes & Cells Laboratory Manual 2016) . Photosynthesis can be broken down into two parts, light dependent reactions and light independent. Light dependent reactions use light energy collected by the thylakoid to convert NADP+ and ADP to NADPH and ATP respectively (Cloot 1994, p. 23). This process is shown in figure 1. The second part of photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin cycle. In this CO2 is converted to glucose by using the energy of ATP and NADPH and it is light independent (Reece, et al. 2012, p. 192). The rate of photosynthesis can be determined using the amount of oxygen produced in an amount of time. An oxygen electrode is able to do this (Molecules, Genes & Cells Laboratory Manual 2016). Respiration is the process in which glucose is broken down by the mitochondria to obtain the energy in its bonds so that is may be used in other metabolic processes. Respiration occurs in all living organisms and is separate from photosynthesis (Molecules, Genes & Cells Laboratory Manual 2016). Oxygen is consumed in this process and carbon dioxide is one of the products (Reece, et al. 2012, p. 169-184). Diuron…

Examining Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Introduction- In Lab 4, the purpose was to examine the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and understand the correlation between these two processes (BIO 202, Lab 4, 2016). Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert solar energy into chemical energy; which is then used to fuel the organism. The equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H20 + Solar energy ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2. This process has two…

The process of photosynthesis is composed of two phases: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The first stage (light-dependent reactions) occurs in the thylakoid membrane, which absorbs light energy to create NADPH and a proton gradient used to power the synthesis of ATP. The latter occurs in the stroma, and results in carbon dioxide fixation. In this experiment, only the light-dependent reactions were studied. 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) was used as an artificial…

In the words of President Calvin Coolidge, “The country can regard the present with satisfaction and anticipate the future with optimism,” (Doc B). Despite being President of the country, Coolidge was incredibly mistaken. Coolidge had no clue as to how far down their economy would plummet from 1929 to 1939. Coolidge had no clue that there would be thousands of homeless families and failing businesses in America’s not-so-distant future. Even John T. Raskob could not see this happening as he wrote…

conditions; they wanted the racial injustice within America to stop; they sought changes in the immigration policy; they largely yearned for less government control within their lives. The Republican Party occupied the White House for almost the entire Interwar Era. Warren Harding (president from 1921-1923) centered his presidential platform on a “return to normalcy”. To do this, Harding overturned many policies passed from the Wilson administration. He approved to cut taxes on higher…

I like the quote "Expect to be called a stand patter, but don’t be a stand patter. Expect to be called a demagogue, but don’t be a demagogue," in the speech given by Calvin Coolidge at Massachusetts. It might have a different meaning but to me, it means not to be what people call us. This is a common problem in the world today. We live by what people call us; our every steps and breaths are determined by people. A few weeks ago in my Chem class, a friend of mine asked me a question. She said,…

repeal of Prohibition, many small beer manufacturers that had existed before did not return to the market. Although in retrospective review of the 1920s it is often considered the last period in US history, when the capitalist system remained dependent on the unregulated domination of robber barons, the role of the federal government continued to grow. In addition to supervision of compliance with Prohibition, the government assumed new roles and responsibilities, such as creating and…

Introduction Historical Situation Christianity in the early 16th and 17th centuries went through a very rough and turbulent ride. Some may even argue that we are still feeling the effects of this time today. This was a time of great progress and change in the Catholic Church and much of Europe. This time saw many great minds and brought about many reformers. Some of the many were Huldrych Zwingli, Martin Luther, John Calvin and Erasmus. This in my opinion was the start of one of the most…

Summary of the Life Described by the Authors John Calvin Coolidge Jr. served as the 30th President of the United States of America from 1923 to 1929. Coolidge is best known for leading the nation through the prosperous Roaring Twenties. Due to President Harding’s unexpected death, Coolidge took office on August 3, 1923. He went on to win the next election, serving as president for a total of six years. Coolidge provided stability for Americans in an era of dynamic modernization. His nickname is…

The support group is chosen by the client and can be family, friends, or entire communities. Supporters can be imaginary, too . . . think of the cartoon characters Calvin and Hobbes. Hobbes is recruited to deal with all kinds of problems that Calvin externalizes. The support group believes in the preferred story and helps to create this “new” reality for the client. An important process in narrative therapy is externalizing. In externalizing, the narrative therapy therapist helps the…