Caliph

Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph after the demise of Prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr on 235 August 634. He ruled for about ten years with his very unique character and style. He was known of his powerful and firm personalities. During his administration, he enforced justice for all level of society emphatically. Umar was very concerned on the welfare of the poor and the weakest of society. He even mentioned that the poor should be protected more than the strong. People had…

Baghdad’s eventual isolation from the Arabic speaking world was caused by its position between the Mongol-Persian Ilkhanate to its east and the Arabic-Mamluk sultanate to its west. With the death of the caliph, considered to be the last spiritual leader of Islam, Baghdad had lost much, from its nearly annihilated population; the destruction of its irrigation systems, built during the time of Mesopotamia; and the end of the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic capital shifted west towards Cairo and…

she was a supporter for women's education , and she became one of the best scholars in Islamic religion , with over 2000 Hadiths. Muhammad was close to the daughter of Abu Bakr ( first rightly guided caliph ) because they were married and Aisha was the most loved out of all of Muhammad's wives, Aisha was very close with the Prophet Muhammad in ways that the other wives didn’t experience , also because Muhammad was close with Aisha she had learnt …

We might think that Christianity is the most popular religion at this point, which is true. Scholars believe that in the mid-21st century Islam will be the largest in the world. Today the numbers are to an astounding 6 million Muslims that believe in Islam religion. Looking ahead to important figures, the geographic stand point, and important timeline events will help us better understand why Islam religion is growing relatively fast. This religion is a monotheistic tradition, which means…

This essay is based on the events that lead to the change of Qiblah. I would examine the importance of changing the Qiblah for our importance for our prophet (pbuh) as well as examining the controversies after the change of Qiblah. In this essay I will be explaining the similarities between the Muslim Jews and Christians. History of Masjid Haram and Masjid Aqsa Masjid Al Haram also called ‘the sacred mosque”. Masjid Al Haram is the largest mosque in the world. It is Islam’s holiest place.…

Every single one of these projects required intensive labor, and most of that labor came from us, the peasants. This policy extracted great animosity from us, especially since many died as a result of these rigorous efforts to complete the projects. Since the projects were so costly, the Mongols resorted to deliberate inflation of currency to cover the costs. These financial problems lead to the undermining of the economy, which the Mongols could not maintain any longer. To add on to this…

religious man and merchant from the city, Mecca, founded the religion Islam. This monotheistic faith is based on the revelations that Muhammad supposedly received from the angel Gabriel that was given from Allah. After Muhammad’s death, a series of Caliphs, Islamic leaders, that were also Muhammad’s closest companions, took control and led the Muslims. Islam continued to rapidly expand and resulted with nearly the entire Arabian Peninsula under Muslim control. Through devoting warriors and…

community, the caliphs after his death continued the conquests and established a vast Islamic empire over subsequent centuries. However the Islam of Muhammad’s time apparently changed over the years and the Islamic culture is so very diverse that the idea of Islam as a whole seems like an illusion. Patricia Crone in her Slaves on Horses points out that under internal tensions and external attacks when the existing doctrines could no longer deal with the circumstances, the caliphs imposed new…

Damascus is the oldest inhabited city in the world. If we take into consideration, as we pointed out earlier, the economic, security, technological, political, and natural factors that prevailed during the time of its erection during the reign of Caliph Al-Walid I, it would be logical not only for the mosque but for any religious building to be erected in the midst of an urban setting. But this necessity is exactly what makes the Umayyad Great Mosque an atypical example of “hiddenness,” mainly…

The overarching term or the notion of pre-Islam "Jahiliyah" which some researchers preferred , despite the claims of justification they offered; only deals with determining the temporal dimension of the-mostly-religious standpoints about pre-Islamic era and cannot (To a certain extent) alternatively be done from the scientific or social standpoints . This does not include another indications that Arabs lived in a complete intellectual dimness with no moralities before Islam nor does it indicate…