Caliph

August 20, 2009- Scottish Justice Secretary announces that “The Scottish government will allow Al-Megrahi to be released from custody and returned to Libya, because of his failing health.” (Bioterrorism Week, 2011, p.25). August 2, 2010- A group of U.S. Senators investigate rumors Al-Megrahi was released as a part of a deal to allow British Petroleum (BP) to drill off the coast of Libya. May 20, 2012- Ali Al-Megrahi dies in Libya, claiming his innocence. Theories behind the attack of Pan Am…

Like any religion, the formation of Islam is a highly disputed topic in regards to when and how long it took Islam to form. Along with that, what characteristics fall under the early formation of Islam is also contested among experts. Though Muhammad introduced a vague basis of the forming religion to the people of Mecca around 610, that does not necessarily mean that is when the religion of Islam took shape. Though there is evidence suggesting that Islam as a religion developed over a period of…

of Persia (modern Iran). Their capital was at Isfahan. Like the Ghaznavids, the Seljuks spoke Persian and encouraged Persian culture. By 1055, the Seljuk king Togrul Beg had conquered Iraq too, and although there was still an Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, the caliph pretty much had to do whatever the Seljuk sultan Togrul Beg wanted him to do. When Togrul Beg died in 1063, he was succeeded by his nephew Alp Arslan (Alp Arslan means "the…

The Umayyad empire began to fall when caliphs developed a growing addiction to luxury and soft living. The Muslims were interested in gardens and marble palaces rather than the frugal, simple lifestyle followed by Muhammad and the earliest caliphs. The abandonment of the frugal life preached by Muhammad sparked revolts throughout the empire and the subsequent uprisings proved fatal to the dynasty. In a similar sense, the caliph of the Abbasid empire, Harun al-Rashid, dazzled the…

According to the reading, Muhammad’s trusted counselors believed that Abu Bakr deserved to be the leader. Abu Bakr led the prayers in the mosque and supervised the assemblies of Muslims during the last days of the prophet’s life. He was the first caliph to succeed Muhammad who was labeled as the successor of the messenger of God, or Khalifah Rasul Allah (Ochsenwald and Fisher 37-38). One of Abu Bakr’s major achievements was that he launched a series of military battles, known as the Ridda Wars,…

Islamic people disagreed to have a woman to his heir. That was one of the biggest reasons why the Sh'ite faction and the Sunni faction, because they disagreed on who should be the rightful heir. The Sunni faction suggested that the first four of the caliphs will be the prophet Muhammad's rightful successors. The Shi'ite faction felt that the heir should go to Muhammad's son in law Ali. Shortly, after Muhammad died one of…

Throughout the years of the post classical era, 500 through 1000C.E., the religions Islam and Christianity undoubtedly began to take shape. Although Christianity had already been established since the around 30 C.E., it wasn’t until the post classical era that it became a major religion thoughout western and eastern Europe. (Bentley 233) The Islamic faith on the other hand did not emerge until the year c.610 C.E. and developed as a major religion of the region throughout the time period.…

leadership will always capture the history timeline and imagination of the grassroots as a great leader. This paper will explain how Abu Bakr As-Siddiq has successfully succeeded the Prophet Muhammad SAW (Peace Be Upon Him (PBUH)) by being the first caliph to brought changes across the world through the light of Islam. All this achievement could not be realize without the qualities of leaderships that has been instilled inside him. 2.0 Aim…

this faith community. Yet this umma needed a spiritual authority, the caliph. According to the authors the caliph was the first 'mujtahid' or practitioner of the '' ijtihad ''. He could legitimize reforms in the Islamic world. Taking over European institutions and law, such as the reforms in the Ottoman Empire, was not a solution because they did not sprout from the traditions and customs of the Islamic world. However, the Caliph was bound to consultation, shura , of the umma. He was not…

they liked . Even if the decision of judiciary comes against them they accept it with due respect . The books of history are full with narrations showing that the judges appointed by the Rightly Guided Caliphs or by the later governors ruled against them . Some times Caliphs knew that what the truthful outcome would be or should be but even of that they allowed the cases to go to the court to set an example of conduct for us . They also do so to test the strength of the appointed…